Question 1

Which of the following best describes the main flaw discovered in the method of facilitated communication for individuals with autism?

Accepted Answer

The words typed were aligned with the facilitator, not the child.

Question 2

What is the primary difference between System 1 and System 2 thinking as described by Daniel Kahneman?

Accepted Answer

System 1 is intuitive and fast, while System 2 is analytical and slow.

Question 3

A researcher wants to know if a new teaching method improves test scores. She randomly assigns students to two groups: one uses the new method, the other uses the traditional method. What type of research design is this?

Accepted Answer

Experimental design

Question 4

Which of the following is an example of illusory correlation?

Accepted Answer

Believing that eating chicken before a game increases an athlete's chance of winning.

Question 5

Why is random selection important in psychological research?

Accepted Answer

It increases the generalizability of the findings to the broader population.

Question 6

Which of the following best illustrates the concept of a confound in an experiment?

Accepted Answer

A variable that unintentionally influences the dependent variable.

Question 7

A test consistently yields the same results over time, but does not measure what it is supposed to measure. This test is:

Accepted Answer

Reliable but not valid

Question 8

Which ethical principle requires that participants be fully informed about the procedures and risks of a study before agreeing to participate?

Accepted Answer

Informed consent

Question 9

In a study, participants who know they are being observed may change their behavior. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Demand characteristics

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the difference between correlation and causation?

Accepted Answer

Correlation means two variables are related, but not necessarily that one causes the other.

Question 11

A psychologist wants to study laughter in public places without interfering. Which research method should she use?

Accepted Answer

Naturalistic observation

Question 12

Which of the following is a warning sign of pseudoscience?

Accepted Answer

Reliance on anecdotal evidence

Question 13

If a study’s findings can be duplicated by other researchers, the study is said to have:

Accepted Answer

Replicability

Question 14

Which statistical measure is calculated as the difference between the highest and lowest scores in a dataset?

Accepted Answer

Range

Question 15

A researcher finds a statistically significant result with $$p \u003c 0.05. $$What does this mean?

Accepted Answer

There is less than a 5% probability that the result is due to chance.

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the placebo effect?

Accepted Answer

Improvement resulting from the expectation of improvement.

Question 17

A psychologist uses a questionnaire to measure introversion, but it actually measures anxiety. This questionnaire lacks:

Accepted Answer

Validity

Question 18

Which of the following is a key feature of the open science movement?

Accepted Answer

Releasing findings publicly and encouraging replication studies

Question 19

What is the main advantage of using a double-blind study design?

Accepted Answer

It prevents both participants and experimenters from knowing group assignments, reducing bias.

Question 20

Which of the following is an example of a self-report measure?

Accepted Answer

A survey asking participants about their favorite hobbies.

Introduction to Psychology: Scientific Methods and Research Design

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