Question 1

Which of the following is considered the most critical social determinant contributing to Early Child Development (ECD) according to the study materials?

Accepted Answer

Family income

Question 2

According to the OECD, what is a key feature of an effective Early Childhood Education and Care (ECEC) system?

Accepted Answer

An integrated and coherent approach inclusive of all children and parents

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT one of the components of nurturing care for early childhood development?

Accepted Answer

High parental income

Question 4

Canada’s $10-a-day child care policy aims to address which major issue in ECEC?

Accepted Answer

Affordability and equitable access to child care

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the historical development of ECEC in Canada?

Accepted Answer

A fragmented patchwork of separate programs with no national policy

Question 6

Which policy lesson from the OECD’s Starting Strong Initiative emphasizes the need for ongoing data collection and evaluation?

Accepted Answer

Systematic Attention to Monitoring & Data Collection

Question 7

How does education act as a social determinant of health (SDH)?

Accepted Answer

By increasing health literacy, healthy behaviours, and indirectly affecting SES and employment

Question 8

Which of the following is an example of 'social capital' affecting educational achievement?

Accepted Answer

Parental involvement in school activities

Question 9

A family with high educational and economic capital is most likely to:

Accepted Answer

Provide more opportunities and support for children's learning

Question 10

Which of the following best illustrates the concept of 'intersectionality' in educational outcomes?

Accepted Answer

The interaction of multiple forms of capital (educational, social, economic, political) shaping educational experience

Question 11

Which of the following statements about family structure and educational outcomes in Canada is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Stability and quality of the family environment are key to academic success

Question 12

The 'hidden curriculum' in schools refers to:

Accepted Answer

The unspoken lessons about societal norms and values learned through school interactions

Question 13

Which of the following is a direct impact of teacher quality on student outcomes, as identified in the study materials?

Accepted Answer

Increased likelihood of attending college and earning higher salaries

Question 14

Which of the following is a policy response to the growing concern of cyberbullying in Canadian schools?

Accepted Answer

Implementing digital citizenship education and mental health initiatives

Question 15

According to the study materials, which factor accounts for approximately 10% of the variation in math performance in Canada (PISA 2022)?

Accepted Answer

Socioeconomic status (SES)

Question 16

Which of the following is a key challenge facing Canadian schools, as discussed in the study materials?

Accepted Answer

Recruitment and retention of skilled educators

Question 17

A multi-step scenario: A child from a lone-parent immigrant family in Canada attends a subsidized $10-a-day child care center. Which combination of social determinants and policy interventions is most likely to support this child's positive educational and health outcomes?

Accepted Answer

Affordable child care, responsive caregiving, and inclusive educational policy

Question 18

Which of the following best explains why Canada has historically lagged behind other OECD countries in ECEC?

Accepted Answer

Fragmented programs, provincial responsibility, and low public spending

Question 19

Which of the following is a recommended way forward to improve child well-being and educational outcomes in Canada?

Accepted Answer

Strengthen environments through community development and healthy public policy

Question 20

Which of the following equations best represents the relationship between socioeconomic status (SES) and academic performance, as described in the study materials?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Academic Performance} = \alpha + \beta 	imes 	ext{SES} + \epsilon$$

Education as a Social Determinant of Health: Early Childhood Education and Care in Canada

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