Question 1

Which of the following best illustrates the concept of 'race' as a social construction?

Accepted Answer

Race is a category created and maintained by society, with real consequences despite lacking objective biological basis.

Question 2

According to sociological research, which of the following is a disadvantage of a strong sense of ethnic identity?

Accepted Answer

It can create conflict and prejudice among different ethnic groups.

Question 3

Which theory explains prejudice as a result of individuals blaming their problems on minority groups rather than recognizing the true sources of their misfortunes?

Accepted Answer

Frustration or scapegoat theory

Question 4

Which of the following is an example of institutional discrimination?

Accepted Answer

A bank systematically denies mortgage applications from people living in certain neighborhoods, regardless of individual qualifications.

Question 5

What is the main difference between prejudice and discrimination?

Accepted Answer

Prejudice is a set of negative attitudes and beliefs, while discrimination is the denial of rights and opportunities based on group membership.

Question 6

Which of the following best describes 'white privilege'?

Accepted Answer

The advantages that white people enjoy in daily life simply because they are white, whether or not they are aware of these advantages.

Question 7

A news outlet consistently uses images of Black individuals in stories about poverty, while using images of white individuals in stories about success. According to sociological research, what is the likely effect of this media practice?

Accepted Answer

It reinforces existing racial prejudice and stereotypes among viewers.

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT a criticism of affirmative action?

Accepted Answer

It is needed to make up for past and ongoing discrimination.

Question 9

Which sociological explanation for prejudice focuses on the influence of parents, peers, and media in shaping attitudes?

Accepted Answer

Conformity and socialization

Question 10

A Black applicant without a criminal record is hired at the same rate as a white applicant with a criminal record. This finding is best explained as evidence of:

Accepted Answer

Institutional discrimination in employment

Question 11

Which of the following is an example of a microaggression?

Accepted Answer

A person of color being repeatedly asked 'Where are you really from?' in a workplace.

Question 12

Which of the following statements about the biological concept of race is supported by modern evolutionary evidence?

Accepted Answer

More physical differences exist within a race than between races.

Question 13

Which of the following best describes 'structural racism'?

Accepted Answer

A system in which public policies, institutional practices, and cultural norms perpetuate racial group inequity.

Question 14

Which of the following is a real-world example of redlining?

Accepted Answer

Banks refuse to offer mortgages or insurance to residents of certain urban neighborhoods, often affecting people of color.

Question 15

Which of the following is a likely outcome of modern, symbolic racism?

Accepted Answer

Blaming people of color for their socioeconomic status and opposing policies designed to address inequality.

Question 16

Which of the following is an example of implicit bias in the criminal justice system?

Accepted Answer

A police officer unconsciously treats suspects of color more harshly than white suspects.

Question 17

Which of the following best explains why people of color in the United States have higher rates of poverty and lower life expectancy?

Accepted Answer

They face institutional and individual discrimination, as well as structural obstacles to opportunity.

Question 18

Which of the following is a plausible advantage of ethnic pride?

Accepted Answer

It provides individuals with a sense of self-worth and belonging.

Question 19

Which of the following is an example of racial profiling?

Accepted Answer

A police officer stops and searches Black and Latinx drivers more frequently than white drivers, without evidence of wrongdoing.

Question 20

Which of the following is a reason cited by proponents of affirmative action?

Accepted Answer

It is needed to make up for both past and ongoing discrimination and lack of opportunity.

Race and Ethnicity: Inequality, Prejudice, and Social Change in the United States

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