Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between race and ethnicity as defined in sociology?

Accepted Answer

Race refers to shared physical characteristics considered socially important, while ethnicity refers to shared cultural heritage and national origin.

Question 2

According to the conflict perspective, which of the following is a primary reason racial inequality persists in society?

Accepted Answer

Dominant groups use their power to maintain control over marginalized groups through systemic discrimination and institutional racism.

Question 3

Which scenario best illustrates institutional discrimination?

Accepted Answer

Government spending on cystic fibrosis is four times higher than on sickle cell disease, despite SCD affecting more Americans, most of whom are black.

Question 4

Which of the following is an example of pluralism in the United States?

Accepted Answer

Minority groups maintain their original culture, language, and traditions while living peacefully alongside the dominant culture.

Question 5

A sociologist observes that Asian Americans are often described as a 'model minority' because of their high educational attainment and economic success. Which concept does this stereotype risk reinforcing?

Accepted Answer

Oversimplified generalizations that ignore diversity within the group.

Question 6

Which of the following best illustrates the concept of scapegoating?

Accepted Answer

An individual blames a minority group for not being hired, claiming the company prefers that group.

Question 7

Which of the following statements about dominant and minority groups is correct?

Accepted Answer

Minority groups always have less power, privilege, and social status, regardless of their population size.

Question 8

Which pattern of dominant-minority group relations is characterized by the systematic attempt to kill all members of a particular group?

Accepted Answer

Genocide

Question 9

A minority group member adopts the language, values, and beliefs of the host culture but retains some original cultural practices. Which process does this describe?

Accepted Answer

Acculturation

Question 10

Which of the following is a criticism of the functionalist perspective on racial-ethnic relations?

Accepted Answer

It focuses on social solidarity and ignores racial-ethnic inequalities that cause tension and discord.

Question 11

According to conflict theory, what is the 'split labor market'?

Accepted Answer

A labor market divided into primary jobs (better wages, benefits, security) held mostly by whites, and secondary jobs (low wages, poor conditions) held mostly by minorities.

Question 12

Which of the following is an example of de facto segregation?

Accepted Answer

Minorities voluntarily living among their own racial or ethnic group.

Question 13

A real estate agent shows fewer homes to minority clients than to white clients, even when qualifications are equal. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Discrimination

Question 14

Which of the following best describes racism?

Accepted Answer

A belief that one's own racial group is inherently superior to others, used to justify and preserve dominant group interests.

Question 15

Which equation best represents the relationship between privilege, power, and social status in dominant groups, according to the study materials?

Accepted Answer

$$Privilege + Power + Social\ Status \rightarrow Dominant\ Group$$

Question 16

If a society is to work harmoniously, functionalists argue that newcomers must adopt the dominant group’s values, goals, and language. This process is known as:

Accepted Answer

Assimilation

Question 17

Which of the following is a real-world example of institutional discrimination within a racial-ethnic group?

Accepted Answer

Korean manicurists in New York City nail salons earning twice as much as their non-Korean counterparts.

Question 18

Which formula best represents the functionalist view that social solidarity increases with acculturation and assimilation?

Accepted Answer

$$Acculturation + Assimilation \rightarrow Social\ Solidarity$$

Question 19

Which of the following statements about the Latino population in the United States is supported by the study materials?

Accepted Answer

Latinos are the youngest and largest racial or ethnic group, with growth mainly due to births in the U.S.

Race and Ethnicity: Sociological Perspectives and U.S. Patterns

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