Q: Which equation best represents the concept of relative deprivation?

$$\text{Relative Deprivation} = \text{Perceived Need} - \text{Actual Resources}$$

Q: Which formula best represents the concept of absolute deprivation?

$$\text{Absolute Deprivation} = \text{Minimum Standard of Living} - \text{Actual Resources}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best illustrates the concept of the social construction of race?

Accepted Answer

Race categories are created and maintained by social, political, and historical processes.

Question 2

A sociologist observes that a company consistently promotes men over equally qualified women, despite having a policy of gender equality. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Institutional discrimination

Question 3

Which equation best represents the concept of relative deprivation?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Relative Deprivation} = 	ext{Perceived Need} - 	ext{Actual Resources}$$

Question 4

Which scenario best demonstrates intersectionality?

Accepted Answer

A Black lesbian experiences unique challenges due to the combination of her race, gender, and sexual orientation.

Question 5

Which of the following is an example of color-blind racism?

Accepted Answer

A person refuses to acknowledge racial differences and claims that 'everyone is equal,' ignoring systemic inequalities.

Question 6

Which of the following best distinguishes prejudice from discrimination?

Accepted Answer

Prejudice is an attitude or belief, while discrimination is an action or behavior.

Question 7

Which of the following is a consequence of subordinate-group status?

Accepted Answer

Limited political power and economic opportunities

Question 8

A hate crime is best defined as:

Accepted Answer

A criminal act motivated by bias against a group based on race, religion, ethnicity, or other characteristics.

Question 9

Which of the following is a key feature of White privilege?

Accepted Answer

White individuals benefit from unearned advantages in society due to their race.

Question 10

Which theory of prejudice suggests that individuals develop negative attitudes toward groups to justify their own social position?

Accepted Answer

Social justification theory

Question 11

Which of the following is an example of environmental justice?

Accepted Answer

Ensuring that all communities, regardless of race or income, have equal protection from environmental hazards.

Question 12

Which formula best represents the concept of absolute deprivation?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Absolute Deprivation} = 	ext{Minimum Standard of Living} - 	ext{Actual Resources}$$

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the glass ceiling in the workplace?

Accepted Answer

A transparent barrier that prevents members of subordinate groups from advancing to higher positions despite qualifications.

Question 14

Which of the following is a common response by members of subordinate groups to prejudice?

Accepted Answer

Active resistance through social movements and advocacy

Question 15

Which of the following is a method for reducing prejudice according to the contact hypothesis?

Accepted Answer

Increasing meaningful interactions between members of different groups under conditions of equal status.

Question 16

Affirmative action policies are primarily designed to:

Accepted Answer

Address historical and systemic inequalities by promoting opportunities for marginalized groups.

Question 17

Which scenario best illustrates institutional discrimination?

Accepted Answer

A school district allocates fewer resources to schools in minority neighborhoods, resulting in lower educational outcomes.

Question 18

Which of the following is an example of stereotyping?

Accepted Answer

Assuming all members of a particular ethnic group share the same traits or behaviors.

Question 19

Which of the following best describes how resistance and change occur in racial and ethnic relations?

Accepted Answer

Through collective action, advocacy, and challenging discriminatory practices.

Question 20

Which of the following is a plausible consequence of environmental injustice?

Accepted Answer

Higher rates of health problems in marginalized communities due to exposure to pollutants.

Race, Ethnicity, and Social Inequality: Key Concepts and Theories

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