Question 1

Which of the following best describes a parameter in statistics?

Accepted Answer

A numerical summary of a population.

Question 2

A researcher wants to study the average height of all university students. She randomly selects 100 students and calculates their average height. What is the average height of these 100 students called?

Accepted Answer

A statistic

Question 3

Which of the following is an example of a qualitative variable?

Accepted Answer

Type of car owned

Question 4

Which variable is discrete?

Accepted Answer

Number of students in a classroom

Question 5

A variable measured as 'strongly agree, agree, disagree, strongly disagree' is at which level of measurement?

Accepted Answer

Ordinal

Question 6

Which sampling method involves dividing the population into homogeneous groups and then randomly sampling from each group?

Accepted Answer

Stratified sampling

Question 7

In systematic sampling, if the population size $$N = 100$$ and the sample size $$n = 10$$, what is the value of $$k$$?

Accepted Answer

$$k = 10$$

Question 8

Which of the following is a source of bias that occurs when the sample is not representative of the population due to the selection procedure?

Accepted Answer

Sampling bias

Question 9

A survey is conducted by selecting the first five people who walk into a library. What type of sampling is this?

Accepted Answer

Convenience sampling

Question 10

Which of the following best describes a continuous variable?

Accepted Answer

A variable that can take any value between two points

Question 11

A study collects information about individuals at a specific point in time. What type of observational study is this?

Accepted Answer

Cross-sectional study

Question 12

Which level of measurement allows for meaningful ratios and has a true zero?

Accepted Answer

Ratio

Question 13

A researcher randomly selects two classes from a university and surveys all students in those classes. What sampling method is used?

Accepted Answer

Cluster sampling

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT a nonsampling error?

Accepted Answer

Sampling error

Question 15

A researcher wants to study the effect of a new drug. She randomly assigns patients to either receive the drug or a placebo and measures their recovery. What type of study is this?

Accepted Answer

Designed experiment

Question 16

Which of the following is an example of response bias?

Accepted Answer

Respondents giving socially desirable answers

Question 17

If a variable is measured as 'middle income, low income, high income', what is its level of measurement?

Accepted Answer

Ordinal

Question 18

Which sampling method is most likely to result in undercoverage bias?

Accepted Answer

Convenience sampling

Question 19

A variable measured as 'income in dollars' is at which level of measurement?

Accepted Answer

Ratio

Question 20

Which of the following best describes inferential statistics?

Accepted Answer

Extending results from a sample to a population and measuring reliability

Chapter 1: Data Collection – Foundations of Statistical Study

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