Question 1

Which of the following best defines statistics?

Accepted Answer

The science of collecting, organizing, summarizing, and analyzing information to draw conclusions or answer questions.

Question 2

In the process of statistics, which step involves applying techniques to extend results from a sample to a population and reporting a level of reliability?

Accepted Answer

Perform inference

Question 3

Suppose a researcher wants to determine the average number of hours college students sleep per night. The researcher surveys 200 students and finds the average is 6.8 hours. What is this value called?

Accepted Answer

Statistic

Question 4

Which of the following is a qualitative variable?

Accepted Answer

Zip code

Question 5

A variable that can take on an infinite number of possible values and can be measured to any desired level of accuracy is called:

Accepted Answer

Continuous variable

Question 6

Which level of measurement allows for the values of the variable to be arranged in a ranked, or specific, order but does not allow for meaningful differences between values?

Accepted Answer

Ordinal

Question 7

Which of the following is an example of a variable at the interval level of measurement?

Accepted Answer

Temperature in Fahrenheit

Question 8

A researcher divides a university population into resident students, nonresident students, and staff, then randomly samples from each group. What sampling method is being used?

Accepted Answer

Stratified sampling

Question 9

In a systematic sample, if the population size is $$N = 350$$ and the desired sample size is $$n = 50$$, what is the value of $$k$$?

Accepted Answer

$$k = 7$$

Question 10

Which type of bias occurs when the technique used to obtain the sample favors one part of the population over another?

Accepted Answer

Sampling bias

Question 11

A study follows a group of individuals over several years and records their health outcomes. What type of observational study is this?

Accepted Answer

Cohort study

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT a source of response bias?

Accepted Answer

Sampling bias

Question 13

In a completely randomized design, what is the key feature?

Accepted Answer

Each experimental unit is randomly assigned to a treatment.

Question 14

A matched-pairs design is most appropriate when:

Accepted Answer

Experimental units can be paired based on a related characteristic.

Question 15

Which of the following is an example of a discrete variable?

Accepted Answer

The number of cars that arrive at a drive-thru between 12:00 p.m. and 1:00 p.m.

Question 16

If a researcher surveys every 10th person leaving a store, starting with the 3rd person, which sampling method is being used?

Accepted Answer

Systematic sampling

Question 17

Which of the following statements about a convenience sample is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

It is obtained by selecting individuals who are easiest to reach.

Question 18

A researcher wants to study the effect of a new drug. She randomly assigns subjects to receive either the drug or a placebo, and neither the subjects nor the researchers know who receives which treatment. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Double-blind experiment

Question 19

Which of the following is a real-world example of cluster sampling?

Accepted Answer

Selecting all households in randomly chosen city blocks to survey about income.

Question 20

Which formula is used to determine the value of $$k in $$systematic sampling when population size is $$N$$ and sample size is $$n$$?

Accepted Answer

$$k = N / n$$

Chapter 1: Data Collection – Fundamentals of Statistics

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