Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between a population and a sample in statistics?

Accepted Answer

A population includes all individuals of interest, while a sample is a subset selected from the population.

Question 2

Suppose a researcher wants to know the average number of hours college students sleep per night. She surveys 200 students at her university. In this context, what is the parameter?

Accepted Answer

The average number of hours all college students sleep per night.

Question 3

Which of the following variables is both quantitative and continuous?

Accepted Answer

Temperature in Celsius

Question 4

A study tracks the blood pressure of 500 adults over 10 years to see if their diet affects their blood pressure. No intervention is made. What type of study is this?

Accepted Answer

Observational study

Question 5

Which of the following is an example of a discrete variable?

Accepted Answer

Number of vending machines at a school

Question 6

A researcher randomly assigns 100 patients to receive either a new drug or a placebo and measures their blood pressure after 6 months. What is the explanatory variable in this study?

Accepted Answer

The new drug or placebo assignment

Question 7

Which of the following best describes a simple random sample?

Accepted Answer

A sample where every individual has an equal chance of being selected.

Question 8

A survey asks, 'How satisfied are you with our product?' with options: 'Highly satisfied, satisfied, somewhat satisfied, not satisfied.' What type of bias is most likely to occur?

Accepted Answer

Response bias

Question 9

Which level of measurement is appropriate for the variable 'Internet provider'?

Accepted Answer

Nominal

Question 10

A poll is conducted by calling only people who have landline telephones. Which type of bias is most likely present?

Accepted Answer

Sampling bias

Question 11

Which of the following is an example of a statistic?

Accepted Answer

The average height of 100 randomly selected adults in the U.S.

Question 12

Which of the following variables is measured at the ordinal level?

Accepted Answer

Level of education (Less than High School, High School Diploma, Some College, Bachelor’s Degree, Advanced Degree)

Question 13

A researcher wants to estimate the average income of all residents in a city. She selects a random sample of 500 residents. What is the frame in this context?

Accepted Answer

The list of all residents in the city

Question 14

Which of the following is a continuous variable?

Accepted Answer

Time exercised in a day

Question 15

A study finds that people who eat more vegetables tend to have lower blood pressure, but does not assign diets. What can be concluded?

Accepted Answer

There is an association between eating vegetables and lower blood pressure.

Question 16

Which of the following best describes a parameter?

Accepted Answer

A numerical summary of a population

Question 17

A researcher uses a random number generator to select 50 students from a list of all students at a university. What type of sampling is this?

Accepted Answer

Simple random sampling

Question 18

Which of the following is an example of nonresponse bias?

Accepted Answer

Only people who feel strongly about an issue respond to a survey.

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the process of statistics?

Accepted Answer

Identify research objective, collect data, describe data, perform inference

Question 20

A study assigns one group of students to use a new study technique and another group to use their usual technique, then compares test scores. What type of study is this?

Accepted Answer

Designed experiment

Chapter 1: Data Collection – Introductory Statistics Study Notes

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