Q: Which of the following is the correct formula for calculating an injury rate?

$$\text{Injury Rate} = \frac{\# \text{Injuries}}{\# \text{Exposures}}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the science of statistics?

Accepted Answer

The science of collecting, organizing, summarizing, and analyzing data to answer questions and/or draw conclusions.

Question 2

Why is context important when interpreting data values such as 90, 95, 80, 75, and 92?

Accepted Answer

Because without context, we cannot determine what the numbers represent.

Question 3

A researcher surveys 200 randomly selected college students about their favorite study location. What is the population in this study?

Accepted Answer

All college students at the university.

Question 4

Which of the following is a categorical variable?

Accepted Answer

Type of pet owned

Question 5

Which of the following best describes a sample?

Accepted Answer

A subset of the population used to represent the population.

Question 6

In a study, the variable 'zip code' is classified as which type of variable?

Accepted Answer

Categorical

Question 7

Which of the following is the correct formula for calculating an injury rate?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Injury Rate} = \frac{\# 	ext{Injuries}}{\# 	ext{Exposures}}$$

Question 8

A two-way table is most useful for:

Accepted Answer

Organizing two potentially related categorical variables.

Question 9

Which of the following is necessary to establish causality between two variables?

Accepted Answer

An experiment with random assignment

Question 10

In a clinical trial, participants are randomly assigned to receive either a new medication or a placebo. Neither the participants nor the researchers know who receives which treatment. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Double-blind experiment

Question 11

Which of the following is a confounding variable in the relationship between ice cream sales and drownings?

Accepted Answer

The temperature outside

Question 12

A researcher wants to know if a new teaching method improves test scores. She randomly assigns students to either the new method or the traditional method. What is the treatment variable?

Accepted Answer

Teaching method

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the placebo effect?

Accepted Answer

A reaction to a treatment after being told you are receiving the treatment when, in fact, you are not.

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT a 'gold standard' for experiments?

Accepted Answer

Using anecdotal evidence

Question 15

A study finds that people who eat more vegetables tend to have lower blood pressure. Which type of study is this most likely to be?

Accepted Answer

Observational study

Question 16

Which of the following steps is NOT part of the data cycle?

Accepted Answer

Ignore Data

Question 17

A researcher collects data on the model of car owned by 500 people. What type of variable is 'model of car'?

Accepted Answer

Categorical

Question 18

Which of the following is an example of anecdotal evidence?

Accepted Answer

A single story based on someone else’s experience.

Question 19

Why are percentages or rates often better for comparing groups than raw counts?

Accepted Answer

Because they account for differences in group sizes.

Question 20

Which of the following best describes a response variable in an experiment?

Accepted Answer

The variable that is measured as the outcome.

Chapter 1: Introduction to Data – Study Notes for Introductory Statistics

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