Question 1

Which of the following best describes a 'population' in statistics?

Accepted Answer

The complete collection of all measurements or data that are being considered.

Question 2

A researcher wants to study the average height of all university students. She collects data from every student enrolled. What type of data collection is this?

Accepted Answer

Census

Question 3

Which of the following is an example of quantitative data?

Accepted Answer

The number of books checked out from a library.

Question 4

A survey asks respondents to rate their satisfaction on a scale from 1 to 5. What level of measurement is this?

Accepted Answer

Ordinal

Question 5

Which of the following best illustrates a ratio level of measurement?

Accepted Answer

Money in your wallet.

Question 6

A researcher randomly selects 5 classrooms and surveys every student in those classrooms. What sampling method is being used?

Accepted Answer

Cluster Sampling

Question 7

Which of the following statements about a voluntary response sample is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Respondents themselves decide whether to be included.

Question 8

A study measures the effect of a new drug by randomly assigning subjects to either receive the drug or a placebo. Neither the subjects nor the experimenters know who receives which. What type of study is this?

Accepted Answer

Double Blind Study

Question 9

Which of the following is an example of discrete data?

Accepted Answer

The number of cars sold at a dealership each day.

Question 10

A researcher divides a population into males and females, then randomly selects an equal number from each group. What sampling method is this?

Accepted Answer

Stratified Sampling

Question 11

Which of the following best describes an observational study?

Accepted Answer

Researchers observe and measure characteristics without modifying the subjects.

Question 12

A sample is selected by choosing every 10th person from a list after a random starting point. What sampling method is this?

Accepted Answer

Systematic Sampling

Question 13

Which of the following is an example of interval data?

Accepted Answer

The temperature in degrees Fahrenheit.

Question 14

A study collects data from medical records of patients treated in the past. What type of study is this?

Accepted Answer

Retrospective (Case Control) Study

Question 15

Which of the following is a characteristic of a simple random sample?

Accepted Answer

Every member of the population has the same chance of being selected.

Question 16

A researcher uses data that are very easy to obtain, such as surveying people in a nearby coffee shop. What sampling method is this?

Accepted Answer

Convenience Sampling

Question 17

Which of the following best describes 'statistically significant'?

Accepted Answer

A result that is unlikely to have occurred by chance, typically with a probability of 5% or less.

Question 18

A study follows a group of people over several years to observe health outcomes. What type of study is this?

Accepted Answer

Prospective (Cohort) Study

Question 19

Which of the following is TRUE about replication in experiments?

Accepted Answer

Replication requires large enough sample sizes to see effects of treatments.

Question 20

Which of the following best describes a parameter?

Accepted Answer

A numerical measurement describing some characteristic of a population.

Chapter 1: Introduction to Statistics – Key Concepts, Data Types, and Sampling Methods

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