Question 1

Which of the following best defines statistics?

Accepted Answer

The science of collecting, organizing, analyzing, and interpreting data to make decisions.

Question 2

A researcher surveys 1,000 college students about their study habits. The group of all college students is called the:

Accepted Answer

Population

Question 3

Which of the following is an example of a sample statistic?

Accepted Answer

The average test score of 200 randomly selected students from a university.

Question 4

Suppose a study finds that 34% of a random sample of retail stores do not store fish at the proper temperature. What is this 34% called?

Accepted Answer

Sample statistic

Question 5

Which of the following statements is an example of inferential statistics?

Accepted Answer

Concluding that most U.S. adults use the internet based on a survey of 1,000 adults.

Question 6

Given the following scenario, identify the population and the sample: In a survey of 1,152 adults in the United States, 207 said they would be likely to buy an electric vehicle (EV).

Accepted Answer

Population: All adults in the United States; Sample: 1,152 adults surveyed

Question 7

Which of the following best describes a parameter?

Accepted Answer

A numerical description of a population characteristic.

Question 8

A study reports that the average SAT math score for all freshmen at a university is 514. This value is:

Accepted Answer

A population parameter

Question 9

Which of the following is NOT a function of descriptive statistics?

Accepted Answer

Drawing conclusions about a population based on sample data

Question 10

A researcher wants to estimate the average cost of moving locally in the U.S. She surveys 1,000 adults who relocated in the last five years and finds an average cost of $$1,692. What type of statistic is 1$$,692?

Accepted Answer

Sample statistic

Question 11

Which of the following best illustrates the difference between descriptive and inferential statistics?

Accepted Answer

Descriptive statistics summarize data; inferential statistics use data to make predictions about a population.

Question 12

A company wants to know the average age of all its employees. It randomly selects 50 employees and finds their average age is 36. Which of the following is true?

Accepted Answer

36 is a sample statistic.

Question 13

Which of the following scenarios involves using inferential statistics?

Accepted Answer

Estimating the proportion of all U.S. workers who worry about mental health stigma based on a survey of 1,541 workers.

Question 14

If $$p$$ represents a population proportion and $$\hat{p}$$ represents a sample proportion, which of the following statements is correct?

Accepted Answer

$$p is a $$parameter and $$\hat{p} is a $$statistic.

Question 15

A news report states, 'Based on a survey of 2,000 adults, 60% believe that remote work increases productivity.' What is the population in this context?

Accepted Answer

All adults

Question 16

Which of the following is an example of data?

Accepted Answer

The number of cars passing through an intersection each hour.

Question 17

A study finds that the average cost to move long distance is $4,401, based on a sample of 1,000 U.S. adults who relocated. What inference might be drawn from this study?

Accepted Answer

The average cost to move long distance for all U.S. adults is likely higher than the cost to move locally.

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the relationship between a sample and a population?

Accepted Answer

A sample is a subset of a population.

Question 19

Which of the following is NOT an example of data collection?

Accepted Answer

Guessing the average height of students.

Question 20

Suppose you want to estimate the average time spent on homework by all high school students in your state. Which approach would be most appropriate?

Accepted Answer

Survey a random sample of high school students and use inferential statistics to estimate the average for all students.

Chapter 1: Introduction to Statistics – Study Notes

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