Q: Which formula represents the probability of event A using the relative frequency approach?

$$P(A) = \frac{\text{number of times A occurred}}{\text{number of times the procedure was repeated}}$$

Question 1

A researcher observes 3785 high school drivers who texted while driving and 4720 who did not, out of a total of 8505 drivers. What is the probability that a randomly selected driver texted while driving, using the relative frequency approach?

Accepted Answer

$$\frac{3785}{8505}$$

Question 2

Which of the following best describes the Law of Large Numbers?

Accepted Answer

As a procedure is repeated, the relative frequency probability of an event approaches the actual probability.

Question 3

If the probability of an event A is $$0.25$$, what is the probability of the complement of A?

Accepted Answer

$$0.75$$

Question 4

A casino offers a roulette bet on the number 13 with a probability of winning $$\frac{1}{38}. $$The payoff odds are 35:1. What is the actual odds against winning this bet?

Accepted Answer

$$37:1$$

Question 5

Which of the following is NOT a requirement for using the classical approach to probability?

Accepted Answer

The procedure must be repeated a large number of times.

Question 6

If the probability of dying during a skydiving jump is $$0.000007$$, what is the probability of surviving the jump?

Accepted Answer

$$0.999993$$

Question 7

Suppose a procedure has 8 equally likely simple events. If event A can occur in 3 ways, what is the probability of event A using the classical approach?

Accepted Answer

$$\frac{3}{8}$$

Question 8

A rare event is observed with a probability of $$0.03$$ under a certain assumption. According to the rare event rule, what can be concluded?

Accepted Answer

The assumption is probably not correct.

Question 9

If the odds against event A are $$5:2$$, what is the probability of event A occurring?

Accepted Answer

$$\frac{2}{7}$$

Question 10

A simulation is used to estimate the probability of a complex event. Which statement best describes why a simulation might be necessary?

Accepted Answer

The outcomes are not equally likely and cannot be easily counted.

Question 11

If the probability of an event is $$0$$, what does this indicate?

Accepted Answer

The event is impossible.

Question 12

A lottery has 1000 tickets, and only 1 ticket wins. What are the actual odds in favor of winning if you buy one ticket?

Accepted Answer

$$1:999$$

Question 13

Which formula represents the probability of event A using the relative frequency approach?

Accepted Answer

$$P(A) = \frac{	ext{number of times A occurred}}{	ext{number of times the procedure was repeated}}$$

Question 14

If the odds in favor of event B are $$3:5$$, what is the probability that event B does NOT occur?

Accepted Answer

$$\frac{5}{8}$$

Question 15

A game offers payoff odds of $$10:1$$ for a $$2$$ dollar bet. If you win, what is your net profit?

Accepted Answer

$$20$$

Question 16

Which of the following is a simple event?

Accepted Answer

Rolling a die and getting a 4

Question 17

If $$P(A) = 0.04$$ and $$P(B) = 0.03$$, which event is considered more rare?

Accepted Answer

Event B

Question 18

A procedure has 5 equally likely outcomes. What is the probability of any one simple event?

Accepted Answer

$$\frac{1}{5}$$

Question 19

If the probability of x or more successes in n trials is $$0.04$$, how would you classify x according to the significantly high/low rule?

Accepted Answer

x is significantly high

Question 20

Which of the following best describes subjective probability?

Accepted Answer

Probability estimated using knowledge of relevant circumstances.

Chapter 4: Probability – Basic Concepts and Approaches

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