Question 1

A researcher wants to compare the mean blood pressure before and after administering a new drug to the same group of patients. Which statistical test is most appropriate?

Accepted Answer

Paired t-test

Question 2

Which of the following is a key question to ask first when using a decision tree to select a statistical test?

Accepted Answer

What is the research question (Why)?

Question 3

You are interested in testing whether there is an association between two categorical variables (e.g., smoking status and lung disease: Yes/No). Which test should you consider?

Accepted Answer

Chi-square test of independence

Question 4

A study compares the mean cholesterol levels among three different diet groups. Which statistical test is most appropriate?

Accepted Answer

One-way ANOVA

Question 5

Which of the following is a characteristic of non-parametric tests?

Accepted Answer

They can tolerate skewed distributions and outliers.

Question 6

A researcher wants to test if the proportion of babies born with cleft palate differs between mothers who took QSYMIA and those who did not. What is the response variable?

Accepted Answer

Whether the baby has a cleft palate (Yes/No)

Question 7

Which of the following best describes a paired (within-subject) study design?

Accepted Answer

Each subject provides two response values, one for each condition.

Question 8

Which of the following is an example of a quantitative variable?

Accepted Answer

Weight (kg)

Question 9

A researcher is interested in whether the effect of a drug on weight loss depends on age. Which statistical method is most appropriate?

Accepted Answer

Two-way ANOVA

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT a requirement for using a parametric test?

Accepted Answer

Data must be categorical

Question 11

Which test would you use to compare the distribution of a continuous variable between two independent groups when the data are not normally distributed and contain outliers?

Accepted Answer

Wilcoxon rank-sum test (Mann-Whitney U test)

Question 12

In the context of the decision tree for statistical tests, what is the first step in determining which test to use?

Accepted Answer

Identify the aim of the analysis (difference or association)

Question 13

Which of the following best describes an undirected relationship between two variables?

Accepted Answer

A hypothesis that there is an association between Y1 and Y2

Question 14

A study is designed to test whether there is a difference in the frequency of a genetic marker between two populations. Which statistical test is most appropriate?

Accepted Answer

Chi-square test for proportions

Question 15

Which of the following is a correct statement about the Central Limit Theorem (CLT) in the context of parametric tests?

Accepted Answer

CLT justifies the use of parametric tests for large samples, even if the data are not perfectly normal.

Question 16

A researcher wants to test if there is a difference in the median survival time between two cancer treatments. The data are highly skewed. Which test is most appropriate?

Accepted Answer

Wilcoxon rank-sum test

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT covered by the decision tree for choosing a statistical test, according to the lecture?

Accepted Answer

One-sample tests

Question 18

When should you seek advice from a statistician according to the lecture?

Accepted Answer

When you are unsure about which statistical test to use and after attempting to answer the decision tree questions

Question 19

Which of the following best describes an ordinal variable?

Accepted Answer

A variable with a natural ranking, such as 'low', 'medium', 'high'

Question 20

A researcher is comparing the mean test scores of students from three different schools. The data are normally distributed and there are no outliers. Which test should be used?

Accepted Answer

One-way ANOVA

Decision Trees for Choosing Statistical Tests: Study Guide for Statistics Students

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