Question 1

Which of the following is an example of a categorical (qualitative) variable?

Accepted Answer

The color of cars in a parking lot

Question 2

A researcher records the number of text messages sent by students in a day. What type of variable is this?

Accepted Answer

Numerical (discrete)

Question 3

Which measurement scale is appropriate for classifying students as Freshman, Sophomore, Junior, or Senior?

Accepted Answer

Ordinal

Question 4

Which of the following variables is measured on a ratio scale?

Accepted Answer

Height in centimeters

Question 5

A survey asks respondents to rate their satisfaction as 'Very unsatisfied', 'Fairly unsatisfied', 'Neutral', 'Fairly satisfied', or 'Very satisfied'. What type of measurement scale is used?

Accepted Answer

Ordinal

Question 6

Which of the following best describes a simple random sample?

Accepted Answer

Every item in the population has an equal chance of being selected

Question 7

A company divides its employees into departments and randomly selects some departments, then surveys all employees in those departments. What sampling method is this?

Accepted Answer

Cluster sampling

Question 8

Which of the following is a potential source of coverage error in a survey?

Accepted Answer

Some groups are excluded from the sampling frame

Question 9

A survey is distributed online, but only people with internet access can respond. What type of survey error is most likely to occur?

Accepted Answer

Coverage error

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT a recommended practice in data cleaning?

Accepted Answer

Deleting the original data after cleaning

Question 11

A researcher wants to ensure that the sample represents all racial groups in a city. Which sampling method should be used?

Accepted Answer

Stratified sampling

Question 12

Which of the following is an example of a primary data source?

Accepted Answer

Data collected from an experiment you conducted

Question 13

What is the main difference between an observational study and a designed experiment?

Accepted Answer

Designed experiments have direct control over which items receive the treatment

Question 14

Which of the following is a measurement error in a survey?

Accepted Answer

Respondents misunderstanding a question and giving incorrect answers

Question 15

A sample statistic is used to estimate which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A population parameter

Question 16

Which of the following is true about missing values in a dataset?

Accepted Answer

They occur when no response is given for a variable

Question 17

A systematic sample is obtained by:

Accepted Answer

Selecting every $$k-th $$item from a randomly chosen starting point

Question 18

Which of the following is a potential ethical issue in survey design?

Accepted Answer

Using leading questions to influence responses

Question 19

If a variable is recoded from a numerical value to a categorical value, which of the following must be ensured?

Accepted Answer

Categories are mutually exclusive and collectively exhaustive

Question 20

Which of the following is a benefit of using a sample instead of a population for data collection?

Accepted Answer

It is less time consuming and more practical

Chapter 1

스터디 가이드 - 연습 문제

학습 가이드 - 플래시카드