$$\text{Range} = \text{Highest score} - \text{Lowest score}$$

Question 1

Which of the following is NOT a measure of central tendency?

Accepted Answer

Range

Question 2

A researcher collects the following scores: 2, 4, 4, 5, 7. What is the mean of this data set?

Accepted Answer

$$\frac{2+4+4+5+7}{5} = 4.4$$

Question 3

Which measure of central tendency is most appropriate for categorical data?

Accepted Answer

Mode

Question 4

If a data set contains extreme values (outliers), which measure of central tendency is LEAST affected?

Accepted Answer

Median

Question 5

Given the scores: 3, 5, 7, 8, 9, what is the median?

Accepted Answer

7

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the purpose of descriptive statistics?

Accepted Answer

To describe and summarize data

Question 7

A bar chart is used to represent which of the following?

Accepted Answer

The mean scores of different groups

Question 8

What is the formula for calculating the range of a data set?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Range} = 	ext{Highest score} - 	ext{Lowest score}$$

Question 9

Which measure of variability is calculated by finding the difference between the 75th and 25th percentiles?

Accepted Answer

Interquartile range

Question 10

Given the scores: 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, what is the interquartile range?

Accepted Answer

4

Question 11

Which of the following is the correct formula for sample standard deviation?

Accepted Answer

$$s = \sqrt{\frac{\sum (x_i - \bar{x})^2$}{n-1}}$$

Question 12

Why do we square the deviations when calculating variance?

Accepted Answer

To ensure all deviations are positive and do not cancel each other out

Question 13

In SPSS, which menu would you use to calculate descriptive statistics for a variable?

Accepted Answer

Analyze \u003e Descriptive Statistics

Question 14

A researcher wants to graph the mean coping scores for two groups in SPSS. Which type of graph should they use?

Accepted Answer

Bar chart

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT a recommended step before analyzing data in SPSS?

Accepted Answer

Ignoring missing data

Question 16

If the mean is much higher than the median in a data set, what does this suggest about the distribution?

Accepted Answer

The distribution is positively skewed

Question 17

Which of the following is a limitation of using the range as a measure of variability?

Accepted Answer

It only considers the highest and lowest scores

Question 18

A sample has the following scores: 1, 3, 3, 6, 7. What is the mode?

Accepted Answer

3

Question 19

Which of the following is NOT a component of research as described in the study materials?

Accepted Answer

Experimental manipulation

Question 20

Which of the following statements about standard deviation is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

It measures the average amount by which scores deviate from the mean

Descriptive Statistics and Introduction to SPSS: Study Notes for Health Sciences

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