Q: Which formula would you use to calculate the relative frequency of a category in a dataset?

$$\text{Relative Frequency} = \frac{\text{Frequency of the category}}{\text{Total frequency}}$$

Question 1

A pharmaceutical company wants to test the effectiveness of a new drug. They randomly assign patients to either receive the drug or a placebo and compare the outcomes. Which type of study is this?

Accepted Answer

Designed experiment

Question 2

Which of the following best describes a continuous variable?

Accepted Answer

The height of students measured in centimeters

Question 3

A researcher wants to study the eating habits of college students. She divides the students by year (freshman, sophomore, junior, senior) and randomly selects 10 students from each group. What sampling method is used?

Accepted Answer

Stratified sampling

Question 4

Which of the following is an example of a qualitative variable?

Accepted Answer

Type of smartphone owned

Question 5

A frequency distribution table is used to:

Accepted Answer

Summarize how often each value occurs in a dataset

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a completely randomized design?

Accepted Answer

Subjects are grouped based on a blocking variable

Question 7

A time-series graph is most appropriate for displaying:

Accepted Answer

Changes in a variable over a period of time

Question 8

Which of the following is a common source of bias in sampling?

Accepted Answer

Using a convenience sample

Question 9

A dot plot is best used for:

Accepted Answer

Displaying the frequency of discrete quantitative data

Question 10

If a histogram shows most data values clustered to the left with a long tail to the right, the distribution is:

Accepted Answer

Skewed right

Question 11

A researcher wants to select every 10th person entering a hospital for a survey. What sampling method is this?

Accepted Answer

Systematic sampling

Question 12

Which of the following best describes a matched-pairs design?

Accepted Answer

Subjects are paired based on similar characteristics, and each pair receives different treatments

Question 13

Which level of measurement is represented by the variable 'blood type' (A, B, AB, O)?

Accepted Answer

Nominal

Question 14

A misleading graph may result from:

Accepted Answer

Distorting the scale to exaggerate differences

Question 15

Which of the following is an example of a discrete variable?

Accepted Answer

The number of goals scored in a soccer match

Question 16

In a case-control study, researchers:

Accepted Answer

Compare subjects with a condition to those without, looking back at exposures

Question 17

Which formula would you use to calculate the relative frequency of a category in a dataset?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Relative Frequency} = \frac{	ext{Frequency of the category}}{	ext{Total frequency}}$$

Question 18

A cumulative frequency table is used to:

Accepted Answer

Display the sum of frequencies up to each class

Question 19

Which of the following is a step in designing an experiment?

Accepted Answer

Define the response variable and treatments

Question 20

A cluster sample is best described as:

Accepted Answer

Dividing the population into groups and randomly selecting some groups, then sampling all individuals in those groups

Exam 1 Study Guide: Data Collection and Data Organization in Introductory Statistics

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