Q: Which formula correctly calculates the relative frequency for a category?

$$\text{Relative frequency} = \frac{\text{frequency}}{n}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between descriptive and inferential statistics?

Accepted Answer

Descriptive statistics summarize and present data, while inferential statistics use sample data to draw conclusions about a population.

Question 2

A researcher wants to estimate the average height of all trees in a forest. She measures the height of 100 randomly selected trees. What is the population in this study?

Accepted Answer

All trees in the forest.

Question 3

Which sampling technique is most appropriate when a population is naturally divided into groups and you want to randomly select some groups and include all members of those groups in your sample?

Accepted Answer

Cluster sampling

Question 4

Suppose you want to survey every 10th person entering a concert. Which sampling method are you using?

Accepted Answer

Systematic sampling

Question 5

Which of the following is a discrete quantitative variable?

Accepted Answer

The number of cars in a parking lot

Question 6

A variable that can only take on values such as 'red', 'blue', or 'green' is best described as:

Accepted Answer

A categorical variable

Question 7

Which of the following is an example of a nominal categorical variable?

Accepted Answer

Ice cream flavors

Question 8

In a contingency table, what does a marginal distribution represent?

Accepted Answer

The distribution of one variable, ignoring the other variable

Question 9

Given a frequency distribution table with $$n = 40$$ and a category with frequency $$f = 8$$, what is the relative frequency for that category?

Accepted Answer

$$0.2$$

Question 10

A study assigns participants to two groups, applies a treatment to each group, and compares the outcomes. What type of study is this?

Accepted Answer

Experimental study

Question 11

If you want your sample to be representative of the population, which of the following is most important?

Accepted Answer

Using a random sampling process and a large enough sample size

Question 12

Which formula correctly calculates the relative frequency for a category?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Relative frequency} = \frac{	ext{frequency}}{n}$$

Question 13

A researcher collects data on the make and model of cars in a parking lot. What type of variable is being measured?

Accepted Answer

Categorical variable

Question 14

Which of the following best describes a census?

Accepted Answer

A study where every member of the population is included

Question 15

Suppose 30% of a population is between the ages of 12 and 15. In a representative sample, what percentage of the sample should be between the ages of 12 and 15?

Accepted Answer

30%

Question 16

Which of the following is an example of a continuous quantitative variable?

Accepted Answer

The exact weight of a salmon

Question 17

In an experiment, what is the variable called that is manipulated to observe its effect on the response variable?

Accepted Answer

Explanatory variable (factor)

Question 18

A bar chart is used to visually represent which type of data?

Accepted Answer

Categorical data

Question 19

If you observe and record data without trying to influence the values of the variables, what type of study are you conducting?

Accepted Answer

Observational study

Question 20

In a contingency table, if you want to know the distribution of gender among people who prefer Tim Hortons, what type of distribution are you calculating?

Accepted Answer

Conditional distribution

Foundations of Statistics: Data, Sampling, and Categorical Data Analysis

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