Question 1

Which of the following best describes a categorical variable measured on a nominal scale?

Accepted Answer

The color of a car (e.g., red, blue, green)

Question 2

A researcher wants to estimate the average number of pets per household in a city. She randomly selects 100 households and records the number of pets in each. In this scenario, what is the sample?

Accepted Answer

The 100 households selected by the researcher

Question 3

Which sampling method is most likely to produce a biased sample if a teacher surveys only students in her own class about school lunch preferences?

Accepted Answer

Convenience sample

Question 4

A school has 10 classrooms. To survey students, the principal randomly selects 3 classrooms and surveys all students in those classrooms. Which sampling method is being used?

Accepted Answer

Clustered random sample

Question 5

Which of the following is a parameter?

Accepted Answer

The average height of all students in a university

Question 6

A frequency table is used to:

Accepted Answer

Show each category or value and how many times it appears in the data

Question 7

Which of the following is an example of a discrete numerical variable?

Accepted Answer

The number of phones sold at a store

Question 8

A contingency table allows you to:

Accepted Answer

Compare two or more categories at the same time to study patterns between variables

Question 9

Which of the following best describes a stratified random sample?

Accepted Answer

Dividing the population into groups based on something they have in common, then randomly sampling from each group

Question 10

If a teacher puts all 30 students' names in a hat and pulls out 6 names, each student has the same chance of being picked. What type of sampling is this?

Accepted Answer

Simple random sample

Question 11

Which of the following is a continuous numerical variable?

Accepted Answer

Height of students measured in centimeters

Question 12

A summary table shows:

Accepted Answer

Each category or value and how many times it appears in the data

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a population?

Accepted Answer

Used to estimate characteristics of an entire group

Question 14

A researcher divides students by grade level and randomly selects students from each grade. What sampling method is this?

Accepted Answer

Stratified random sample

Question 15

Which of the following is an example of a variable measured on an ordinal scale?

Accepted Answer

Education level (e.g., high school, college, graduate)

Question 16

In a contingency table comparing boys and girls who prefer cats or dogs, what does a cell in the table represent?

Accepted Answer

The frequency of a specific combination of categories (e.g., boys who prefer cats)

Question 17

Which of the following is true about a convenience sample?

Accepted Answer

It often leads to biased results

Question 18

A variable that represents the number of monthly sales at a store is:

Accepted Answer

Numerical variable

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the difference between a sample and a population?

Accepted Answer

A sample is used to estimate characteristics of a population; a population contains all items you want to study

Foundations of Statistics: Data Types, Sampling, and Organizing Variables

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