Question 1

Which of the following best describes a parameter in statistics?

Accepted Answer

A numerical value that describes a population.

Question 2

A researcher surveys 100 second-year students at UKZN to estimate the average time students spend studying per week. In this context, what is the sample?

Accepted Answer

The 100 second-year students surveyed.

Question 3

Which of the following is an example of a discrete variable?

Accepted Answer

The number of siblings each student has.

Question 4

Which level of measurement is represented by blood types (A, B, AB, O)?

Accepted Answer

Nominal

Question 5

A Likert scale (e.g., strongly agree, agree, neutral, disagree, strongly disagree) is an example of which level of measurement?

Accepted Answer

Ordinal

Question 6

Which of the following variables is continuous?

Accepted Answer

The heights of students in a classroom.

Question 7

Which of the following statements about the mean is correct?

Accepted Answer

The mean is calculated by dividing the sum of all values by the number of values.

Question 8

Given the dataset: 3, 7, 7, 11, 15, 19, 23, 27, 31, 42, 55, what is the mode?

Accepted Answer

7

Question 9

Which formula correctly represents the sample mean?

Accepted Answer

$$\frac{\sum x}{n}$$

Question 10

A bar chart is most appropriate for displaying which type of data?

Accepted Answer

Nominal data

Question 11

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of ratio level measurement?

Accepted Answer

Does not allow ranking of categories

Question 12

A researcher records the years in which historical events occurred. What is the level of measurement for this variable?

Accepted Answer

Interval

Question 13

Which of the following best describes inferential statistics?

Accepted Answer

Testing samples to generalize findings to populations.

Question 14

A frequency distribution table is used to:

Accepted Answer

Display the number of times each score appears in a dataset.

Question 15

Which of the following is an example of a categorical variable?

Accepted Answer

The types of fruits available in a grocery store.

Question 16

If a dataset has an even number of values, how is the median calculated?

Accepted Answer

By taking the average of the two middle values.

Question 17

Which of the following is a real-world example of a variable measured at the ordinal level?

Accepted Answer

Ranking of runners in a race (1st, 2nd, 3rd)

Question 18

A histogram is most appropriate for displaying which type of data?

Accepted Answer

Continuous data

Question 19

Which of the following statements about the mode is correct?

Accepted Answer

The mode is the value that appears most frequently in a dataset.

Question 20

A researcher wants to compare the average income of two different countries. Which level of measurement is income?

Accepted Answer

Ratio

Foundations of Statistics: Data, Variables, Measurement, and Central Tendency

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