Question 1

Which of the following best describes a 'population' in statistics?

Accepted Answer

The complete collection of all individuals, scores, or measurements to be studied.

Question 2

Which symbol is used to represent the mean of a sample?

Accepted Answer

$$\bar{x}$$

Question 3

A researcher wants to study the average height of all university students. She measures the height of 200 randomly selected students. What is the sample in this scenario?

Accepted Answer

The 200 randomly selected students.

Question 4

Which of the following is a qualitative (categorical) variable?

Accepted Answer

Type of car owned (sedan, SUV, truck).

Question 5

What is the main difference between discrete and continuous quantitative data?

Accepted Answer

Discrete data has a finite or countable number of possible values, while continuous data can take any value within a range.

Question 6

Which sampling method involves dividing the population into sections and then randomly selecting all members from some of those sections?

Accepted Answer

Cluster sampling

Question 7

A company wants to survey its employees by selecting every 10th person from an alphabetical list. Which sampling method is being used?

Accepted Answer

Systematic sampling

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a good sample?

Accepted Answer

It is biased towards a particular subgroup.

Question 9

If $$s is $$the standard deviation of a sample, what is the symbol for the standard deviation of a population?

Accepted Answer

$$\sigma$$

Question 10

Which of the following best describes an observational study?

Accepted Answer

Researchers observe and measure specific characteristics without attempting to modify subjects.

Question 11

A psychologist wants to study the effect of sleep deprivation on test scores. She randomly assigns participants to either a sleep deprivation group or a control group and compares their scores. What type of study is this?

Accepted Answer

Experimental study

Question 12

Which of the following is an example of a ratio level of measurement?

Accepted Answer

Height measured in centimeters.

Question 13

A sample statistic is:

Accepted Answer

A characteristic of data that comes from a sample.

Question 14

Which of the following is the correct formula for sample variance?

Accepted Answer

$$s^2$$ = \frac{1}{n-1} \sum (x_i - \bar{x}$$)^2$$

Question 15

Which symbol represents the correlation coefficient for a sample?

Accepted Answer

$$r$$

Question 16

A researcher divides a population into males and females, then randomly selects 50 males and 50 females for a study. What sampling method is this?

Accepted Answer

Stratified sampling

Question 17

Which of the following is a parameter?

Accepted Answer

Population mean ($$\mu)$$

Question 18

A survey is conducted by asking people in a shopping mall about their favorite brand. What type of sampling is this?

Accepted Answer

Convenience sampling

Question 19

Which of the following statements about experimental studies is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Experimental studies apply treatments to subjects and observe the effects.

Question 20

A researcher wants to estimate the average income of a city. She divides the city into neighborhoods and randomly selects all households from five randomly chosen neighborhoods. What sampling method is this?

Accepted Answer

Cluster sampling

Fundamentals of Data Collection and Types in Statistics

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