Question 1

Which of the following best describes a parameter in statistics?

Accepted Answer

A numerical description of a population characteristic.

Question 2

A university wants to know the average age of all its students. They survey 500 randomly selected students and calculate the mean age. What is the mean age in this context?

Accepted Answer

A statistic, because it is calculated from a sample.

Question 3

Which of the following is an example of data at the nominal level of measurement?

Accepted Answer

The names of cities in a country.

Question 4

A researcher records the finishing positions (1st, 2nd, 3rd, etc.) of runners in a marathon. What level of measurement is this?

Accepted Answer

Ordinal

Question 5

Which of the following variables is measured at the ratio level?

Accepted Answer

The number of books a student owns.

Question 6

A study collects data on the type of pet owned (dog, cat, bird, none) by each student. What type of data is this?

Accepted Answer

Qualitative

Question 7

Which of the following best describes an observational study?

Accepted Answer

Researchers observe and measure characteristics without influencing the subjects.

Question 8

In a double-blind experiment, who is unaware of which subjects are receiving the treatment?

Accepted Answer

Both the subjects and the experimenters.

Question 9

A company wants to test a new training program. They randomly assign half of their employees to the new program and the other half to the old program. What type of study design is this?

Accepted Answer

Randomized experiment

Question 10

Which sampling method divides the population into groups and then randomly selects all members from some of the groups?

Accepted Answer

Cluster sampling

Question 11

Suppose a researcher wants to ensure that both males and females are proportionally represented in a sample. Which sampling method should they use?

Accepted Answer

Stratified sampling

Question 12

Which of the following is a potential problem with convenience sampling?

Accepted Answer

It may not be representative of the population.

Question 13

A researcher uses a table of random numbers to select 50 students from a list of 1,000. What type of sampling is this?

Accepted Answer

Simple random sampling

Question 14

Which of the following is an example of systematic sampling?

Accepted Answer

Selecting every 10th person from a list.

Question 15

A confounding variable is best described as:

Accepted Answer

A variable that influences both the dependent and independent variables, making it difficult to determine causality.

Question 16

Which of the following is NOT a step in designing a statistical study?

Accepted Answer

Collecting data before identifying the population.

Question 17

If a researcher uses simulation to study the effects of a new drug, what are they doing?

Accepted Answer

Using a mathematical or physical model to reproduce the conditions of a situation.

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the difference between qualitative and quantitative data?

Accepted Answer

Qualitative data describes categories or qualities, while quantitative data describes numerical values.

Question 19

A study measures the temperature in degrees Celsius. What is the highest level of measurement for this variable?

Accepted Answer

Interval

Question 20

A researcher wants to estimate the average income of all households in a city. They divide the city into neighborhoods and randomly select some neighborhoods, then survey every household in those neighborhoods. What sampling method is this?

Accepted Answer

Cluster sampling

Introduction to Statistics and Collecting Data: Study Notes

스터디 가이드 - 연습 문제

학습 가이드 - 플래시카드