Question 1

A researcher wants to estimate the average height of all university students in a country. She collects data from 500 randomly selected students. Which of the following best describes the average height calculated from her sample?

Accepted Answer

It is a statistic because it describes a sample.

Question 2

Which of the following is an example of categorical data?

Accepted Answer

The blood type (A, B, AB, O) of patients in a hospital.

Question 3

Which of the following best describes discrete data?

Accepted Answer

Data that results from a countable number of possible values.

Question 4

A scientist records the temperature every hour for a week. What type of data is being collected?

Accepted Answer

Continuous data

Question 5

Which of the following scenarios best illustrates the concept of 'big data'?

Accepted Answer

A hospital storing millions of patient records that require parallel computing for analysis.

Question 6

Suppose a data set contains the following values: 2, 4, 6, 8, 10. If the value '6' is missing, and the likelihood of its being missing is unrelated to its value or any other value, how is this missing data classified?

Accepted Answer

Missing completely at random

Question 7

Which of the following is the best example of continuous data?

Accepted Answer

The weight of apples picked from an orchard.

Question 8

A company wants to analyze the make and model of cars owned by its employees. What type of variable is 'car make/model'?

Accepted Answer

Categorical (qualitative)

Question 9

Which of the following statements about parameters and statistics is correct?

Accepted Answer

A statistic describes a sample, while a parameter describes a population.

Question 10

A researcher deletes all survey responses that have any missing values before analyzing the data. What method for handling missing data is being used?

Accepted Answer

Deleting cases

Question 11

Which of the following is an example of data that is missing not at random?

Accepted Answer

A participant skips a question about income because they do not want to reveal their low salary.

Question 12

A hospital records the number of patients admitted each day for a month. What type of data is this?

Accepted Answer

Discrete data

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the difference between discrete and continuous quantitative data?

Accepted Answer

Discrete data consists of countable values, while continuous data can take on any value within a range.

Question 14

A data scientist is analyzing a data set with millions of records and needs to use parallel computing to process it. This scenario is most closely associated with which concept?

Accepted Answer

Big data

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT an example of quantitative data?

Accepted Answer

The color of a car.

Question 16

A researcher substitutes the mean value for all missing data points in a data set. What is this process called?

Accepted Answer

Imputing missing values

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the main purpose of statistics?

Accepted Answer

To collect and use sample data to make conclusions about populations.

Question 18

A study records the time (in seconds) it takes for different chemicals to react in a laboratory experiment. What type of data is being collected?

Accepted Answer

Continuous data

Question 19

Which of the following is a correct example of a parameter?

Accepted Answer

The average height of all adults in a country.

Question 20

A school administrator wants to know the proportion of students who prefer online classes. She surveys 200 students and finds that 60% prefer online classes. What is the 60% in this context?

Accepted Answer

A statistic because it describes a sample.

Introduction to Statistics: Key Concepts and Types of Data

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