Question 1

A researcher wants to study the effect of a new medication on blood pressure. Subjects are randomly assigned to receive either the medication or a placebo, and their blood pressure is measured after 6 months. Which variable is the independent variable in this study?

Accepted Answer

Type of medication received

Question 2

Which of the following best describes a cluster sampling method?

Accepted Answer

Dividing the population into sections and randomly selecting all members from some sections

Question 3

A survey asks people to report their favorite color. What is the level of measurement for this variable?

Accepted Answer

Nominal

Question 4

Which of the following is an example of a quantitative continuous variable?

Accepted Answer

Height of an adult male

Question 5

A researcher collects data on the number of goals scored in soccer games. What type of variable is this?

Accepted Answer

Quantitative discrete

Question 6

Which sampling method is most appropriate when you want every member of the population to have an equal chance of being selected?

Accepted Answer

Random sampling

Question 7

A study ranks cities by their air quality from best to worst. What is the level of measurement for this ranking?

Accepted Answer

Ordinal

Question 8

Which of the following is an example of bias in a statistical study?

Accepted Answer

Results from the sample are radically different from the results of a census of the population

Question 9

In an experimental study, which variable is manipulated by the researcher?

Accepted Answer

Independent variable

Question 10

Which of the following is a characteristic of the ratio level of measurement?

Accepted Answer

Ratios are meaningful and there is a true zero

Question 11

A researcher wants to estimate the mean number of hours teenagers watch TV in the US. She randomly selects 600 teenagers and calculates the mean. What type of statistics is she using?

Accepted Answer

Descriptive statistics

Question 12

Suppose a researcher divides a population into age groups (18-29, 30-41, 42-53, 54-65, 66 and older) and samples randomly from each group. What sampling method is this?

Accepted Answer

Stratified sampling

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT a feature of an observational study?

Accepted Answer

The researcher manipulates the variables

Question 14

A systematic sample is obtained by:

Accepted Answer

Selecting every kth member of the population

Question 15

Which of the following variables is measured at the interval level?

Accepted Answer

Temperature in Celsius

Question 16

A researcher wants to study the relationship between diet and blood pressure. Subjects are randomly assigned to three diet groups, and after 6 months, their blood pressure is measured. What is the dependent variable?

Accepted Answer

Blood pressure

Question 17

Which of the following is an example of a qualitative variable?

Accepted Answer

Type of brick used in a building

Question 18

Which of the following statements about continuous variables is correct?

Accepted Answer

They assume an infinite number of values between any two specific values

Question 19

A researcher wants to compare the mean test scores of students from two randomly selected schools in a metropolitan district. Each school is considered a cluster, and all students in the selected schools are surveyed. What sampling method is used?

Accepted Answer

Cluster sampling

Question 20

Which of the following best describes inferential statistics?

Accepted Answer

Generalizing from samples to populations and performing estimations and hypothesis tests

Introduction to Statistics: Key Concepts, Data Types, and Sampling Methods

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