Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between a population and a sample in statistics?

Accepted Answer

A population is the entire group of interest, while a sample is a subset of that group.

Question 2

In a study of 2,000 U.S. adults, 38% said they are willing to wait 7 to 10 seconds for a website to load. Which term best describes the value '38%'?

Accepted Answer

Statistic

Question 3

Which branch of statistics is used when a researcher summarizes and displays data from a survey without making generalizations about the population?

Accepted Answer

Descriptive statistics

Question 4

A researcher randomly selects 100 students from each grade level in a school to participate in a survey. Which sampling technique is being used?

Accepted Answer

Stratified sampling

Question 5

Which of the following is an example of qualitative data?

Accepted Answer

The names of movie genres

Question 6

Which level of measurement allows for meaningful ratios and has a true zero?

Accepted Answer

Ratio

Question 7

A study records the body temperatures (in degrees Fahrenheit) of athletes during exercise. Which level of measurement is this data?

Accepted Answer

Interval

Question 8

Which method of data collection would be most appropriate for studying the effects of a dangerous chemical spill on wildlife, when it is unsafe to observe directly?

Accepted Answer

Simulation

Question 9

A company randomly assigns 240 adults who smoke heavily to either a gum treatment group or a control group. Each subject also watches a video about the dangers of smoking. After four months, most subjects in the treatment group have quit smoking. What is a potential problem with this experimental design?

Accepted Answer

The video about smoking may confound the results.

Question 10

Which of the following best describes a confounding variable?

Accepted Answer

A variable that makes it difficult to determine which factor caused the observed change in the response variable.

Question 11

A researcher wants to survey residents of Rhode Island about the effect of artificial intelligence (AI) on job security. She divides the population into naturally occurring groups based on cities, randomly selects two cities, and surveys all residents in those cities. Which sampling technique is used?

Accepted Answer

Cluster sampling

Question 12

Which principle of experimental design is best described by the following: 'Neither the subjects nor the researchers know who receives the treatment or placebo.'

Accepted Answer

Double blinding

Question 13

A survey is conducted by interviewing every 10th person who enters a shopping mall. Which sampling technique is being used?

Accepted Answer

Systematic sampling

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT a method to reduce bias or confounding in an experiment?

Accepted Answer

Using only volunteers for the treatment group

Question 15

Which operation is NOT meaningful for data at the nominal level of measurement?

Accepted Answer

Arranging data in order

Question 16

A researcher wants to estimate the average income of all residents in a city. She surveys 500 randomly selected residents. The average income calculated from these 500 residents is best described as:

Accepted Answer

A statistic

Question 17

Which of the following is an example of data at the ordinal level of measurement?

Accepted Answer

Top five fastest-growing U.S. occupations ranked by growth

Question 18

A study uses information found in the public domain to make associations between playing different sports and lifespan. What type of study is this?

Accepted Answer

Observational study

Question 19

Which equation best represents the probability of selecting a simple random sample of size $$n$$ from a population of size $$N$$?

Accepted Answer

$$P = \frac{1}{\binom{N}{n}}$$

Question 20

Which of the following best describes sampling error?

Accepted Answer

The difference between the statistic of the sample and the parameter of the population.

Introductory Statistics Chapter 1 Study Guide: Step-by-Step Guidance

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