Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between a parameter and a statistic?

Accepted Answer

A parameter describes a characteristic of a population, while a statistic describes a characteristic of a sample.

Question 2

A researcher collects data on the number of books read by students in a semester. Which type of data is this?

Accepted Answer

Quantitative data

Question 3

Which of the following is an example of inferential statistics?

Accepted Answer

Estimating the average height of all adults in a city based on a sample.

Question 4

Given the data set: 2, 4, 4, 5, 7, 8, 9, what is the median?

Accepted Answer

$$5$$

Question 5

A hospital records the blood types of 100 patients. Which graphical display is most appropriate for this data?

Accepted Answer

Pie (circle) graph

Question 6

Which measure of center is least affected by outliers?

Accepted Answer

Median

Question 7

A data set has a mean of $$50$$ and a standard deviation of $$5. $$According to the Empirical Rule, approximately what percent of data falls between $$45$$ and $$55$$?

Accepted Answer

$$68\%$$

Question 8

Which of the following data sets is most likely to be described as 'skewed right'?

Accepted Answer

Income data where most people earn low amounts, but a few earn very high amounts.

Question 9

Given the five-number summary: Min = $$10$$, Q1 = $$20$$, Median = $$30$$, Q3 = $$40$$, Max = $$100$$, which value is most likely an outlier?

Accepted Answer

$$100$$

Question 10

A box-and-whisker plot shows a long whisker on the right side. What does this indicate about the data?

Accepted Answer

The data is skewed right.

Question 11

A student scored $$85 on a $$test where the mean was $$75$$ and the standard deviation was $$5. $$What is the student's $$z-$$score?

Accepted Answer

$$z = 2$$

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT a valid reason to use a Pareto chart?

Accepted Answer

To compare the mean and median of a data set.

Question 13

Which formula is used to calculate the sample standard deviation $$s$$ for a data set $$x_1$$, $$x_2$$, ..., x_n$$?

Accepted Answer

$$s = \sqrt{\frac{\sum_{i=1}^{n} (x_i - \bar{x})^2$}{n-1}}$$

Question 14

A dot plot is most useful for which type of data?

Accepted Answer

Small data sets with discrete variables.

Question 15

If a data set is uniform, which of the following is true?

Accepted Answer

Values are evenly spread across the range.

Question 16

Which measure of spread is calculated as $$Q_3$$ - $$Q_1$$?

Accepted Answer

Interquartile range (IQR)

Question 17

A frequency distribution table shows the number of patients admitted to a hospital each day for a month. What can you infer from the relative frequency column?

Accepted Answer

The proportion of admissions each day compared to the total.

Question 18

Which of the following best describes a bimodal distribution?

Accepted Answer

A distribution with two distinct peaks.

Question 19

A pie chart is used to display:

Accepted Answer

The distribution of a categorical variable.

Question 20

A data set has the following values: $$3, 7, 7, 7, 12, 15, 18. $$What is the mode?

Accepted Answer

$$7$$

Statistics Exam Study Guide: Key Concepts and Methods

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