Question 1

Which of the following best describes the type and scale of measurement for 'The height of people in this module'?

Accepted Answer

Quantitative, continuous

Question 2

A student's ID number is best classified as which type and scale of measurement?

Accepted Answer

Qualitative, nominal

Question 3

In a study, eye colour is recorded for each participant. What is the most appropriate classification for this variable?

Accepted Answer

Qualitative, nominal

Question 4

A company’s size is measured by the number of employees. What is the best description for this variable?

Accepted Answer

Quantitative, discrete

Question 5

In a survey, education level is recorded as 'primary', 'secondary', or 'third level'. What is the scale of measurement?

Accepted Answer

Ordinal

Question 6

The Office of the Revenue Commissioners audits 150 companies and finds 18 owe additional tax. What is the sample statistic for the proportion of companies owing additional tax?

Accepted Answer

$$ \frac{18}{150} = 0.12 $$

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the population in the Revenue Commissioners’ audit scenario?

Accepted Answer

All companies in Ireland

Question 8

Which of the following is a source of non-sampling bias?

Accepted Answer

A person lies when questioned

Question 9

Gathering data by asking people to post in a coupon printed in a newspaper is an example of which type of bias?

Accepted Answer

Sampling bias

Question 10

Which sampling method divides the population into groups and randomly selects entire groups for the sample?

Accepted Answer

Cluster sampling

Question 11

A manager selects every 3rd employee from a list ordered by days off due to illness. What sampling method is this?

Accepted Answer

Systematic sampling

Question 12

What is a potential problem with using systematic sampling on a list ordered by the number of days off due to illness?

Accepted Answer

It may not be representative if there is a pattern in the ordering

Question 13

Which of the following is a key difference between stratified random sampling and cluster sampling?

Accepted Answer

Stratified sampling selects from all strata, cluster sampling selects entire clusters

Question 14

A typing error made when recording data is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Non-sampling bias

Question 15

In the COVID-19 bar chart provided, what is a major issue with the way the data is presented?

Accepted Answer

The x-axis is not in chronological order, making trends hard to interpret

Question 16

If you want to increase the rate of detection of underpaid tax in a sample, which of the following would be most effective?

Accepted Answer

Use stratified random sampling based on company size or industry

Question 17

Which of the following best describes a variable measured on a continuous scale?

Accepted Answer

Hourly pay

Question 18

Asking people in the A&E department of a hospital to rate their health is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Sampling bias

Statistics Fundamentals: Data Types, Sampling, Bias, and Data Visualization

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