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Ch. 3 - Probability
Larson - Elementary Statistics: Picturing the World 8th Edition
Larson8th EditionElementary Statistics: Picturing the WorldISBN: 9780137493470당신이 사용하는 게 아니라요?교과서 변경
3장, 문제 3.4.17

In Exercises 15-18, determine whether the situation involves permutations, combinations, or neither. Explain your reasoning.
17. The number of ways 2 captains can be chosen from 28 players on a lacrosse team

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Determine whether the order of selection matters in the problem. Since the problem is about choosing 2 captains and the order in which they are chosen does not matter (e.g., Captain A and Captain B is the same as Captain B and Captain A), this situation involves combinations.
Recall the formula for combinations: C(n, r) = n! / [(r!)(n - r)!], where n is the total number of items to choose from, and r is the number of items to choose.
Identify the values of n and r in this problem. Here, n = 28 (the total number of players) and r = 2 (the number of captains to be chosen).
Substitute the values of n and r into the combination formula: C(28, 2) = 28! / [(2!)(28 - 2)!].
Simplify the expression by canceling out the common factorial terms in the numerator and denominator, leaving you with C(28, 2) = (28 × 27) / 2!.

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주요 개념

질문에 올바르게 답하기 위해 반드시 이해해야 하는 핵심 개념들은 다음과 같습니다.

Permutations

Permutations refer to the arrangement of items where the order matters. For example, if you are selecting a president and a vice president from a group, the order in which you select them is important, as different roles imply different arrangements.
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Introduction to Permutations

Combinations

Combinations involve selecting items where the order does not matter. For instance, choosing 2 captains from a group of players means that selecting Player A and Player B is the same as selecting Player B and Player A; thus, the arrangement is irrelevant.
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Combinations

Choosing from a Group

When determining how to choose from a group, it's essential to identify whether the selection involves distinct roles or positions. In this case, since the captains are not assigned specific roles beyond being captains, the situation is a combination, as the order of selection does not affect the outcome.
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Z-Scores from Probabilities
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3. Explain why the statement is incorrect: The probability of rain is 150%.

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34. A spreadsheet is used to randomly generate a number from 1 to 4000. Event B is generating a number less than 500.

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"According to Bayes’ Theorem, the probability of event A , given that event B has occurred, is

P(A|B) = P(A) * P(B|A)P(A) * P(B|A) + P(A') * P(B|A').

In Exercises 33–38, use Bayes’ Theorem to find P(A|B).

36. P(A) = 0.62, P(A') = 0.38, P(B|A) = 0.41 , and P(B|A') = 0.17 "

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"Classifying Events as Independent or Dependent In Exercises 9-14, determine whether the events are independent or dependent. Explain your reasoning.

10. A father having hazel eyes and a daughter having hazel eyes"

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