Question 1

Which of the following best explains why cells are generally small rather than large, as illustrated in the first image?

Accepted Answer

Smaller cells have a higher surface area to volume ratio, which allows for more efficient exchange of materials across the cell membrane.

Question 2

According to cell theory, which of the following statements is NOT correct?

Accepted Answer

Cells can arise spontaneously from non-living matter.

Question 3

Which organelle is responsible for producing ATP through cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria

Question 4

A cell is placed in a solution with a higher solute concentration than its cytosol. What will happen to the cell?

Accepted Answer

Water will move out of the cell, causing it to shrink (crenation).

Question 5

Which structure is responsible for packaging and transporting proteins and lipids within the cell?

Accepted Answer

Golgi apparatus

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the function of microvilli, as seen in the labeled cell diagram?

Accepted Answer

Increase surface area to enhance absorption

Question 7

Which of the following is a function of the cytoskeleton?

Accepted Answer

Providing structural support and enabling cell movement

Question 8

Which process describes the movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane from an area of low solute concentration to high solute concentration?

Accepted Answer

Osmosis

Question 9

A patient is given an intravenous (IV) solution that is isotonic to their blood plasma. What will happen to their red blood cells?

Accepted Answer

The cells will remain the same size.

Question 10

Which of the following best describes primary active transport?

Accepted Answer

Movement of solutes against their concentration gradient using ATP

Question 11

Which of the following is NOT a form of passive membrane transport?

Accepted Answer

Primary active transport

Question 12

Which organelle contains digestive enzymes and acid to recycle unwanted cell material?

Accepted Answer

Lysosome

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the structure of the cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

A phospholipid bilayer with hydrophilic heads facing outward and hydrophobic tails facing inward

Question 14

Which process is used by white blood cells to engulf bacteria?

Accepted Answer

Phagocytosis

Question 15

Which of the following best explains why drinking ocean water is dangerous for humans?

Accepted Answer

Ocean water is hypertonic and will pull water out of cells, causing dehydration.

Question 16

Which of the following is true about facilitated diffusion?

Accepted Answer

It requires a transport protein but does not require energy.

Question 17

Which of the following is a function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum?

Accepted Answer

Protein synthesis

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the outcome of mitosis?

Accepted Answer

Two genetically identical daughter cells

Question 19

Which of the following is NOT a component of the cytoskeleton?

Accepted Answer

Lysosomes

Question 20

A cell is placed in a hypotonic solution. What will happen to the cell?

Accepted Answer

Water will move into the cell, causing it to swell and possibly burst.

Chapter 3: Cells – Structure, Function, and Membrane Transport

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