Question 1

Which of the following statements best describes the primary mechanism of action for nasal decongestants such as pseudoephedrine?

Accepted Answer

They constrict arterioles, reducing blood flow to the nasal mucosa.

Question 2

A 45-year-old patient with a history of severe hypertension presents with nasal congestion. Which medication should be avoided due to its contraindications?

Accepted Answer

Pseudoephedrine

Question 3

Which of the following best differentiates a productive cough from a nonproductive cough?

Accepted Answer

A productive cough is associated with the expulsion of mucus or sputum.

Question 4

A patient is prescribed dextromethorphan for a dry, hacking cough. What is the primary action of this medication?

Accepted Answer

It suppresses the cough reflex in the central nervous system.

Question 5

Which of the following is a common adverse effect of nasal decongestants in patients with cardiac dysrhythmias?

Accepted Answer

Increased risk of arrhythmia due to sympathomimetic effects

Question 6

A child presents with symptoms of the common cold. Which of the following statements is most accurate regarding the etiology?

Accepted Answer

The common cold is caused by a variety of viruses invading the upper respiratory tract.

Question 7

Which medication is classified as an expectorant and is used to liquefy respiratory secretions?

Accepted Answer

Guaifenesin

Question 8

A patient with prostatic hypertrophy is prescribed a nasal decongestant. What is the most important consideration?

Accepted Answer

Nasal decongestants may worsen urinary retention due to sympathomimetic effects.

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the action of mucolytics such as acetylcysteine?

Accepted Answer

They liquefy mucus in the respiratory tract, making it easier to expectorate.

Question 10

A patient is taking a combination cold remedy containing an antihistamine, nasal decongestant, and analgesic. Which of the following is a potential risk of such combination products?

Accepted Answer

Increased risk of drug interactions and adverse effects

Question 11

Which of the following patients should use nasal decongestants with caution?

Accepted Answer

A patient with hyperthyroidism

Question 12

A patient with abnormal kidney function is prescribed a respiratory medication. What is the most important nursing implication?

Accepted Answer

Monitor for accumulation and toxicity due to impaired excretion.

Question 13

Which of the following best explains why pseudoephedrine use is restricted?

Accepted Answer

It can be used in the illicit manufacturing of amphetamines.

Question 14

A patient with a nonproductive cough is prescribed an antitussive. Which prototype drug is most appropriate?

Accepted Answer

Dextromethorphan

Question 15

Which of the following is a key nursing implication when administering respiratory disorder medications to older adults?

Accepted Answer

Assess for increased sensitivity and risk of adverse effects.

Question 16

A patient with narrow-angle glaucoma should avoid which of the following medications?

Accepted Answer

Pseudoephedrine

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the pathophysiology of sinusitis?

Accepted Answer

Inflammation of the paranasal sinus mucous membranes impedes cilia movement, leading to infection.

Question 18

A patient with diabetes mellitus (DM) is prescribed a sympathomimetic nasal decongestant. What is the most important consideration?

Accepted Answer

Monitor for increased blood glucose levels due to sympathomimetic effects.

Question 19

Which of the following is the most common cause of sinusitis?

Accepted Answer

Rhinosinusitis due to viral infection

Question 20

A patient is using acetylcysteine via inhalation. What is the expected therapeutic effect?

Accepted Answer

Liquefaction of thick mucus in the respiratory tract

Chapter 31: Drug Therapy for Nasal Congestion and Cough

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