Question 1

Which type of glial cell is primarily responsible for forming the myelin sheath in the central nervous system, and what is the main function of this sheath?

Accepted Answer

Oligodendrocyte; speeds up electrical signal transmission

Question 2

A patient presents with difficulty understanding spoken language but can produce fluent, nonsensical speech. Which brain region is most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

Wernicke's area

Question 3

Which of the following best describes the Monro-Kellie Hypothesis?

Accepted Answer

A change in the volume of one intracranial component must be balanced by a reciprocal change in another to maintain constant intracranial pressure.

Question 4

A patient with a spinal cord injury at the level of T4 suddenly develops severe hypertension, a pounding headache, and sweating above the level of injury. What is the most likely cause?

Accepted Answer

Autonomic dysreflexia

Question 5

Which of the following substances can cross the blood-brain barrier under normal conditions?

Accepted Answer

Glucose

Question 6

A patient is unable to move the right side of their body and has expressive aphasia after a stroke. Which cerebral artery is most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

Left middle cerebral artery

Question 7

Which respiratory pattern is characterized by rhythmic waxing and waning of depth with periods of apnea, and is often associated with cerebral infarct or metabolic disturbances?

Accepted Answer

Cheyne-Stokes respiration

Question 8

A patient presents with sudden onset of the 'worst headache of their life,' neck stiffness, and photophobia. Which diagnostic test is most definitive for confirming subarachnoid hemorrhage?

Accepted Answer

Lumbar puncture

Question 9

Which cranial nerve is primarily responsible for pupil constriction and accommodation?

Accepted Answer

Oculomotor nerve (III)

Question 10

A patient with a traumatic brain injury exhibits decerebrate posturing in response to painful stimuli. What does this indicate?

Accepted Answer

Dysfunction of the brainstem (midbrain or pons)

Question 11

Which of the following is a key feature of Guillain-Barré Syndrome?

Accepted Answer

Bilateral ascending muscle weakness

Question 12

A patient is admitted with a Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score of 7. What is the most immediate nursing concern?

Accepted Answer

Risk for airway compromise

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the function of the cerebellum?

Accepted Answer

Coordinates voluntary muscle movement and balance

Question 14

A patient with a history of alcoholism presents with confusion, ataxia, and visual disturbances. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

Wernicke encephalopathy

Question 15

Which of the following is a distinguishing feature of a transient ischemic attack (TIA) compared to a stroke?

Accepted Answer

Brief, reversible neurological symptoms

Question 16

A patient is unable to swallow and has lost the gag reflex after a stroke. Which cranial nerves are most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

Glossopharyngeal (IX) and Vagus (X)

Question 17

Which of the following is the correct formula for cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP)?

Accepted Answer

$$CPP = MAP - ICP$$

Question 18

A patient with multiple sclerosis is experiencing an exacerbation. Which of the following best describes the underlying pathophysiology?

Accepted Answer

Progressive demyelination of white matter in the CNS

Question 19

Which of the following is a common cause of cerebral hypoxia?

Accepted Answer

Cardiac arrest

Question 20

A patient is being assessed for brain death. During the oculocephalic reflex test (Doll’s Eyes), the eyes remain fixed in the mid-position when the head is turned. What does this finding indicate?

Accepted Answer

Brainstem injury

Neurological System: Medical Terminology and Clinical Concepts

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