Question 1

Which of the following best describes the function of the nasal turbinates in the upper respiratory system?

Accepted Answer

They slow and swirl the flow of air to warm and moisten it before it reaches the lungs.

Question 2

A patient presents with a high-pitched crowing sound during inhalation. Which abnormal breath sound is most likely present?

Accepted Answer

Stridor

Question 3

Which of the following terms refers to the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the alveoli and the blood?

Accepted Answer

External respiration

Question 4

A patient with chronic bronchitis and emphysema is diagnosed with COPD. Which of the following best explains the pathophysiology of COPD?

Accepted Answer

Chronic inflammation and obstruction of airflow, leading to alveolar hyperinflation and barrel chest

Question 5

Which laboratory test is used to measure the oxygen and carbon dioxide levels in arterial blood?

Accepted Answer

Arterial blood gases (ABGs)

Question 6

A patient with cystic fibrosis is experiencing thick mucus blocking the alveoli. Which of the following complications is most likely to occur?

Accepted Answer

Frequent lung infections and chronic hypoxia

Question 7

Which of the following drugs is used to dilate constricted airways by relaxing the smooth muscle around the bronchioles?

Accepted Answer

Bronchodilator drug

Question 8

A patient is diagnosed with pleural effusion. Which of the following best describes this condition?

Accepted Answer

Accumulation of excess fluid in the pleural space due to inflammation or infection

Question 9

Which surgical procedure involves making an incision into the thoracic cavity as the first step in lung surgery?

Accepted Answer

Thoracotomy

Question 10

A patient with a history of smoking presents with a persistent cough, shortness of breath, and a chest x-ray showing black tar deposits in the lungs. Which disease is most likely present?

Accepted Answer

Lung cancer

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the role of surfactant in the alveoli?

Accepted Answer

It keeps the alveolar walls from collapsing by reducing surface tension.

Question 12

A patient is unable to breathe when lying flat and must sleep sitting up. What is the medical term for this condition?

Accepted Answer

Orthopnea

Question 13

Which of the following is the correct meaning of the medical term 'atelectasis'?

Accepted Answer

Incomplete expansion or collapse of part or all of a lung

Question 14

A patient is prescribed a leukotriene receptor blocker. What is the primary purpose of this medication?

Accepted Answer

To block the substance leukotriene, reducing inflammation and edema in asthma

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the process of auscultation and percussion (A&P) in respiratory assessment?

Accepted Answer

Listening to breath sounds with a stethoscope and tapping the chest to assess underlying structures

Question 16

A patient with pneumonia has a dense gray-white area on their chest x-ray. What does this finding most likely indicate?

Accepted Answer

Fluid, white blood cells, and microorganisms filling the lung passages

Question 17

Which abbreviation refers to the test that measures the volume of air forcefully exhaled in one second?

Accepted Answer

FEV1

Question 18

A patient is diagnosed with pulmonary embolism. Which of the following best describes the pathophysiology of this condition?

Accepted Answer

Blockage of a pulmonary artery by an embolus, preventing blood from reaching the alveoli

Question 19

Which of the following procedures is used to remove pleural fluid with a needle and vacuum container?

Accepted Answer

Thoracentesis

Question 20

A patient with tuberculosis is prescribed a 9-month course of multiple drugs. Why is this prolonged, multi-drug therapy necessary?

Accepted Answer

The bacterium is resistant to treatment due to its waxy coating.

Pulmonology: The Respiratory System – Medical Terminology Study Guide

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