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Discrimination definitions

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  • Economic Discrimination
    Occurs when individuals receive lower wages or are not hired due to irrelevant characteristics, impacting labor market outcomes.
  • Racial Discrimination
    Results in unequal treatment and pay based on race, often perpetuated by historical and institutional factors.
  • Gender Discrimination
    Leads to wage gaps and hiring biases based on gender, affecting job opportunities and earnings.
  • Human Capital
    Represents skills, education, and experience that enhance productivity and earning potential in the workforce.
  • Job Interruptions
    Breaks in employment, such as those related to pregnancy, that reduce work experience and future earnings.
  • Occupational Segregation
    Describes the concentration of demographic groups in specific jobs, often leading to wage disparities.
  • Institutionalized Discrimination
    Embedded biases within societal structures, such as education systems, that limit opportunities for certain groups.
  • Wage Gap
    Difference in earnings between demographic groups, often influenced by education, experience, and discrimination.
  • Educational Opportunity
    Access to quality schooling and training, which shapes future job prospects and earning potential.
  • Resume Bias
    Preference for certain names or backgrounds in hiring, leading to unequal job callbacks and opportunities.
  • Labor Market
    Arena where employers and workers interact, with outcomes shaped by discrimination and human capital differences.
  • Cost Advantage
    Benefit gained by hiring from a diverse pool, allowing businesses to operate at lower expenses compared to discriminatory firms.
  • Average Total Cost
    Represents the overall expense per unit of output, affected by wage decisions and hiring practices.
  • Segregation
    Historical separation of groups, often resulting in unequal access to resources and opportunities.
  • Demographic Group
    Population segment defined by characteristics such as race or gender, often central to discussions of wage disparities.