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Microeconomics Foundations and Core Concepts: Structured Study Notes

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Introduction to Economics

Microeconomics vs. Macroeconomics

Marginal Analysis

Allocative Efficiency, Productive Efficiency, and Equality

Positive and Normative Analysis

Circular Flow Diagram

Sources of Comparative Advantage

Production Possibilities Frontier (PPF) - Introduction and Productive Efficiency

PPF - Increasing Marginal Opportunity Costs and Allocative Efficiency

PPF - Outward Shifts

PPF - The Price of the Trade

Competitive Markets

The Demand Curve

The Supply Curve

Shifts in the Demand Curve

Movement Along a Demand Curve

Shifts in the Supply Curve

Movement Along a Supply Curve

Market Equilibrium

Consumer Surplus and Willingness to Pay

Producer Surplus and Willingness to Sell

Price Ceilings, Price Floors, and Black Markets

Introducing Taxes and Tax Incidence

Externalities: Social Benefits and Social Costs

Public Solutions to Externalities

Four Types of Goods and Two Characteristics

The Free Rider Problem and the Tragedy of the Commons

Percentage Change and Price Elasticity of Demand

Cross-Price Elasticity of Demand

Income Elasticity of Demand

Price Elasticity of Supply

Total Revenue Test

Budget Constraint