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Microeconomics Midterm Exam Study Guide: Key Concepts and Models

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Introduction to Economics

Microeconomics vs. Macroeconomics

People Are Rational

Marginal Cost

Positive and Normative Analysis

Budget Constraint

Production Possibilities Frontier (PPF) - Introduction and Productive Efficiency

PPF - Increasing Marginal Opportunity Costs and Allocative Efficiency

Circular Flow Diagram

Competitive Markets

The Demand Curve

Shifts in the Demand Curve

Movement Along a Demand Curve

The Supply Curve

Shifts in the Supply Curve

Movement Along a Supply Curve

Market Equilibrium

Consumer Surplus and Willingness to Pay

Producer Surplus and Willingness to Sell

Economic Surplus and Efficiency

Price Ceilings, Price Floors, and Black Markets

Externalities: Social Benefits and Social Costs

Public Solutions to Externalities

Public Goods: Demand Curve and Optimal Quantity

The Free Rider Problem and the Tragedy of the Commons

Positive and Normative Analysis

Percentage Change and Price Elasticity of Demand

Price Elasticity of Demand on a Graph

Elasticity and the Midpoint Method

Determinants of Price Elasticity of Demand

Total Revenue Test

Total Revenue Along a Linear Demand Curve