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Microeconomics Midterm Study Guide: Principles, Models, and Market Analysis

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Introduction to Economics

Scarcity and Choice

Positive and Normative Analysis

Microeconomics vs. Macroeconomics

The Free Rider Problem and the Tragedy of the Commons

Graphs of Two Variables

Relationships between Variables

Interpreting Graphs, Correlation, Causation, and Omitted Variables

Slope of Linear Graphs

Marginal Analysis

The Demand Curve

Shifts in the Demand Curve

The Supply Curve

Shifts in the Supply Curve

Market Equilibrium

Using the Supply and Demand Curves to Find Equilibrium

Budget Constraint

Consumer Surplus and Willingness to Pay

Elasticity and the Midpoint Method

Price Elasticity of Demand on a Graph

Determinants of Price Elasticity of Demand

Cross-Price Elasticity of Demand

Income Elasticity of Demand

Marginal Cost

Price Elasticity of Supply

Producer Surplus and Willingness to Sell

Short Run Shutdown Decision

Long Run Entry and Exit Decision

Long Run Equilibrium

Revenue, Cost, and Profit

Characteristics of Perfect Competition

Perfect Competition and Efficiency

Effects of Shortage

Economic Surplus and Efficiency

Price Ceilings, Price Floors, and Black Markets