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Pearson Edexcel Level 3 Advanced GCE in Economics A: Microeconomics and Macroeconomics Study Guide

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Introduction to Economics

  • Economic Systems
    01:42
  • Defining Economic Terms: Scarcity, Trade-offs, and Opportunity Costs
    04:30
  • Guided course
    Hello!
    00:16

Positive and Normative Analysis

  • Guided course
    Identifying Statements
    02:48
  • Guided course
    Positive Statements vs. Normative Statements
    04:35

Production Possibilities Frontier (PPF) - Introduction and Productive Efficiency

  • Guided course
    Understanding the PPF
    06:23
  • Guided course
    PPF - Attainable and Efficient
    04:48

PPF - Increasing Marginal Opportunity Costs and Allocative Efficiency

  • PPF - Graphing Increasing Marginal Opportunity Costs
    03:33
  • PPF - The Law of Increasing Opportunity Costs
    05:04

PPF - Outward Shifts

  • Guided course
    PPF - General Economic Growth
    01:55
  • Guided course
    PPF - Technological Advances in an Industry
    02:49

PPF - Comparative Advantage and Absolute Advantage

  • Opportunity Costs and Comparative Advantage
    04:36
  • Different PPFs and Absolute Advantage
    02:03

PPF - Comparative Advantage and Trade

  • Comparative Advantage and Specialization in Trade
    05:30

PPF - The Price of the Trade

  • Guided course
    The Price of the Trade
    03:47

Three Key Economic Ideas

  • Guided course
    Marginal Analysis
    09:36
  • People Are Rational
    02:02
  • Guided course
    Economic Incentives
    01:40

The Basics of Demand

  • The Basics of Demand
    06:02

Shifting Demand

  • Consumer Income: Normal Goods and Inferior Goods
    01:30
  • Consumer Preferences
    01:44
  • Number of Consumers
    02:15

Individual Demand and Market Demand

  • Individual and Market Demand
    03:59

The Basics of Supply

  • The Basics of Supply
    02:43

Shifting Supply

  • Guided course
    Nature
    01:
  • Technology
    01:39
  • Shifting Supply
    01:56

Individual Supply and Market Supply

  • Guided course
    Individual Supply and Market Supply
    06:04

Overview of Supply and Demand Shifts

  • Guided course
    Overview of Supply and Demand Shifts
    04:07

Supply and Demand Together: Equilibrium, Shortage, and Surplus

  • Law of Supply and Demand
    02:43
  • Equilibrium
    02:41

Price Ceilings, Price Floors, and Black Markets

  • Guided course
    Price Ceilings
    07:07
  • Guided course
    Price Floors and Black Markets
    08:03
  • Guided course
    Price Floors
    02:18

Quantitative Analysis of Price Ceilings and Price Floors: Finding Points

  • Guided course
    Quantitative Analysis of Price Ceilings and Price Floors: Finding Points
    10:30

Quantitative Analysis of Price Ceilings and Price Floors: Finding Areas

  • Guided course
    Overview of Price Ceilings and Floors: Identifying Prices
    09:29
  • Guided course
    Overview of Price Ceilings and Floors: Finding Consumer and Producer Surplus
    15:24
  • Guided course
    Quantitative Analysis of Price Ceilings and Floors: Finding Areas
    11:40

Percentage and Decimal Review

  • Guided course
    Calculating Percentage Change
    02:29
  • Guided course
    Converting Percentages and Decimals
    05:14

Fractions Review

  • Guided course
    Comparing Fractions
    02:40
  • Guided course
    Simplifying Fractions
    09:52

Graphing Review

  • Guided course
    Calculating Area of a Triangle on Graph
    08:52
  • Guided course
    Calculating Area of a Rectangle on Graph
    02:36
  • Guided course
    Calculating Slope of a Straight Line
    07:47

Price Elasticity of Demand on a Graph

  • Guided course
    Price Elasticity of Demand on a Graph
    11:34

Price Elasticity of Supply

  • Guided course
    Price Elasticity of Supply
    05:38

Price Elasticity of Supply on a Graph

  • Guided course
    Price Elasticity of Supply on a Graph
    03:46

Elasticity and the Midpoint Method

  • Guided course
    The Midpoint Method
    10:04

Determinants of Price Elasticity of Demand

  • Guided course
    Determinants of Price Elasticity of Demand
    06:12

Total Revenue Test

  • Guided course
    Total Revenue Test
    09:31

Total Revenue Along a Linear Demand Curve

  • Guided course
    Total Revenue Along a Linear Demand Curve
    07:13

Income Elasticity of Demand

  • Guided course
    Income Elasticity of Demand
    10:57

Cross-Price Elasticity of Demand

  • Guided course
    Cross-Price Elasticity of Demand
    07:14

Elasticity Summary

  • Guided course
    Elasticity Summary
    04:06

Willingness to Pay and Consumer Surplus

  • Consumer Surplus and Market Demand
    06:03
  • Consumer Surplus
    02:15
  • Willingness to Pay and Consumer Surplus
    03:39

Willingness to Sell and Producer Surplus

  • Willingness to Sell and Producer Surplus
    03:04
  • Producer Surplus and Market Supply
    04:03
  • Producer Surplus
    01:30

Economic Surplus and Efficiency

  • Guided course
    Deadweight Loss and Market Failure
    07:08
  • Guided course
    Economic Surplus
    11:40

Quantitative Analysis of Consumer and Producer Surplus at Equilibrium

  • Guided course
    Quantitative Analysis of Consumer and Producer Surplus
    17:29

Introducing Taxes and Tax Incidence

  • Guided course
    Tax Incidence
    03:21
  • Guided course
    Taxes and Tax Incidence
    13:27

Effects of Taxes on a Market

  • Guided course
    Effects of Taxes
    07:49
  • Tax Revenue
    03:59

Elasticity and Taxes

  • Guided course
    Elasticity and Taxes:Perfectly Elastic Demand and Perfectly Inelastic Demand
    02:58
  • Guided course
    Elasticity and Taxes
    07:03

Subsidies

  • Guided course
    Subsidies
    09:29

The Laffer Curve

  • Guided course
    Laffer Curve
    09:01

Quantitative Analysis of Taxes

  • Guided course
    Quantitative Analysis of Taxes
    08:01

Tax Efficiency

  • Guided course
    Tax Efficiency
    06:43
  • Guided course
    Uniform Tax System
    03:04

Tax Equity

  • Guided course
    Regressive, Proportional, and Progressive Taxes
    04:18
  • Guided course
    Tax Equity
    06:42

Externalities: Social Benefits and Social Costs

  • Guided course
    Externalities on the Graph
    14:23
  • Guided course
    Negative Externality and Positive Externality
    10:54

Public Solutions to Externalities

  • Guided course
    Public Solutions to Externalities:Quantity Limits
    04:07
  • Guided course
    Public Solutions to Externalities:Command-and-Control Policies and Corrective Pigovian Taxes and Subsidies
    16:25

Four Types of Goods and Two Characteristics

  • The Four Types of Goods: Private Goods, Club Goods, Common Resources, and Public Goods
    05:41
  • Rivalry and Excludability
    04:47

The Free Rider Problem and the Tragedy of the Commons

  • Guided course
    Tragedy of the Commons
    07:34
  • Guided course
    Free Rider Problem
    06:11

Public Goods: Demand Curve and Optimal Quantity

  • Guided course
    Demand Curve of a Public Good
    08:18
  • Guided course
    Demand Curve of a Private Good
    03:52

Exporting and Importing

  • Guided course
    Low World Price:Import
    06:36
  • Guided course
    Autarky
    04:
  • Guided course
    High World Price:Export
    09:03

Sources of Comparative Advantage

  • Sources of Comparative Advantage
    05:50

Tariffs

  • Guided course
    Tariffs on Imports
    14:35

Import Quotas and VERs

  • Guided course
    Import Quotas and VERs
    14:08
  • Guided course
    Import Quota
    09:44

Arguments Against International Trade

  • Guided course
    Arguments Against International Trade
    07:50

Revenue, Cost, and Profit

  • Guided course
    Explicit and Implicit Cost
    05:51
  • Guided course
    Fixed Costs and Variable Costs; Short Run and Long Run
    07:54
  • Guided course
    Accounting Profit and Economic Profit
    01:59

The Production Function and Diminishing Returns

  • Guided course
    The Production Function and Diminishing Returns
    07:45
  • Guided course
    Calculating Fixed Cost, Variable Cost, and Average Total Cost
    05:09

Marginal Cost

  • Guided course
    Marginal Cost
    10:48

The Relationship Between Average Cost and Marginal Cost

  • Guided course
    Average Cost and Marginal Cost
    06:38
  • Guided course
    Patterns of MC, AFC, AVC, and ATC curves
    08:56

Graphing Costs

  • Guided course
    Graphing Cost Curves
    10:54

Average Total Cost: Short Run and Long Run

  • Guided course
    ATC in the Short Run and Long Run
    13:13

Isoquant Lines

  • Guided course
    Isoquant Lines
    09:45

Isocost Lines

  • Guided course
    Isocost Lines
    04:27

Cost-Minimizing Combination of Labor and Capital

  • Guided course
    Cost Minimizing Combination of Labor and Capital
    05:02
  • Guided course
    Differences in Cost Minimizing Point
    01:45

Introduction to the Four Market Models

  • Guided course
    Four Market Model Summary
    02:25

Characteristics of Perfect Competition

  • Guided course
    Characteristics of Perfect Competition
    02:29
  • Guided course
    Market Demand and Individual Firm Demand
    03:57

Revenue in Perfect Competition

  • Guided course
    Revenue in Perfect Competition
    06:20
  • Guided course
    Calculating Profit from a Table
    08:15

Perfect Competition Profit on the Graph

  • Guided course
    Profit on the Graph in Perfect Competition
    13:25

Short Run Shutdown Decision

  • Guided course
    Short Run Shutdown Decision (continued)
    07:54
  • Guided course
    Short Run Shutdown Decision on the Graph
    07:05
  • Guided course
    Short Run Shutdown Decision
    03:28

Long Run Entry and Exit Decision

  • Guided course
    Long Run Exit/Enter Decision (continued)
    06:04
  • Guided course
    Long Run Exit/Enter Decision
    02:39
  • Guided course
    Long Run Exit/Enter Decision on the Graph
    09:32

Individual Supply Curve in the Short Run and Long Run

  • Guided course
    Individual Firm Supply Curve in the Long Run
    03:12
  • Guided course
    Individual Firm Supply Curve in the Short Run
    03:19

Market Supply Curve in the Short Run and Long Run

  • Guided course
    Market Supply Curve in the Long Run
    06:07
  • Guided course
    Market Supply Curve in the Short Run
    03:02

Long Run Equilibrium

  • Guided course
    Long Run Equilibrium
    07:04

Perfect Competition and Efficiency

  • Guided course
    Efficiency in Perfect Competition
    06:46

Four Market Model Summary: Perfect Competition

  • Guided course
    Four Market Model Summary: Perfect Competition
    05:02

Characteristics of Monopoly

  • Guided course
    Monopoly Barriers to Entry
    06:29
  • Guided course
    Characteristics of Monopoly
    02:48
  • Guided course
    Monopoly Demand Curve
    04:17

Monopoly Revenue

  • Guided course
    Monopoly Revenue
    03:37
  • Guided course
    Monopoly and Marginal Revenue
    06:43

Monopoly Profit on the Graph

  • Guided course
    Monopoly Profit on the Graph
    07:41

Monopoly Efficiency and Deadweight Loss

  • Guided course
    Monopoly Efficiency and Deadweight Loss
    12:19

Price Discrimination

  • Guided course
    Price Discrimination
    04:05
  • Guided course
    Perfect Price Discrimination
    06:11
  • Guided course
    Price Discrimination
    07:45

Antitrust Laws and Government Regulation of Monopolies

  • Guided course
    Antitrust Laws
    03:58
  • Guided course
    Monopoly:Socially Optimal Price and Fair-Return Price
    07:21

Mergers and the Herfindahl-Hirschman Index (HHI)

  • Guided course
    Mergers and the HHI
    04:42

Four Firm Concentration Ratio

  • Guided course
    Four Firm Concentration Ratio
    03:57

Four Market Model Summary: Monopoly

  • Guided course
    Four Market Model Summary: Monopoly
    04:34

Characteristics of Monopolistic Competition

  • Guided course
    Characteristics of Monopolistic Competition
    05:53
  • Guided course
    Monopolistic Competition Demand Curve
    04:25

Revenue in Monopolistic Competition

  • Guided course
    Monopolistic Competition Revenue
    03:28
  • Guided course
    Monopolistic Competition Marginal Revenue
    07:13

Monopolistic Competition Profit on the Graph

  • Guided course
    Monopolistic Competition Profit on the Graph
    07:07

Monopolistic Competition in the Long Run

  • Guided course
    Monopolistic Competition in the Long Run
    09:47
  • Guided course
    How Companies Stay Profitable
    01:33

Efficiency in Monopolistic Competition

  • Guided course
    Monopolistic Competition Productive Efficiency
    03:54
  • Guided course
    Monopolistic Competition Allocative Efficiency
    02:56

Advertising

  • Guided course
    The Role of Advertising
    04:52

Four Market Model Summary: Monopolistic Competition

  • Guided course
    Four Market Model Summary: Monopolistic Competition
    03:30

Characteristics of Oligopoly

  • Guided course
    Characteristics of Oligopoly
    04:45
  • Guided course
    Oligopoly Barriers to Entry
    05:16

One-Time Games and the Prisoner's Dilemma

  • Guided course
    Game Theory, One-Time Games, and the Prisoner's Dilemma
    05:28
  • Guided course
    One-Time Games:Finding Dominant Strategies and Nash Equilibrium with the "Check and X"Method
    06:03
  • Guided course
    Dominant Strategy and the Nash Equilibrium
    06:29

Game Theory and Oligopoly Profit

  • Guided course
    Oligopoly Profit
    06:36
  • Guided course
    Oligopoly Profit
    10:08

Repeated Games

  • Guided course
    Repeated Games
    02:28

Kinked-Demand Theory

  • Guided course
    Oligopoly:Kinked Demand Theory
    13:04

Four Market Model Summary: Oligopoly

  • Guided course
    Four Market Model Summary: Oligopoly
    03:39

The Production Function and Marginal Revenue Product

  • Guided course
    The Factors of Production
    02:41
  • Guided course
    Marginal Revenue Product
    10:37
  • Guided course
    Marginal Revenue Product (Value of the Marginal Product of Labor)
    02:47

Demand for Labor in Perfect Competition

  • Guided course
    Demand for Labor in Perfect Competition
    04:33

Shifts in Labor Demand

  • Guided course
    Shifts in Labor Demand:Technological Change (II)
    03:09
  • Guided course
    Shifts in Labor Demand:Output Price
    06:57
  • Guided course
    Shifts in Labor Demand:Technological Change (I)
    03:01

Supply of Labor in Perfect Competition

  • Guided course
    Supply of Labor in Perfect Competition
    03:17
  • Guided course
    Individual Supply Curve of Labor (Backward-Bending Supply Curve)
    04:34

Shifts in Labor Supply

  • Guided course
    Shifts in Labor Supply
    03:47

Differences in Wages

  • Guided course
    Differences in Wages:Efficiency Wages and Superstars
    04:12
  • Guided course
    Differences in Wages:Compensating Differential and Human Capital
    02:39

Other Factors of Production: Land and Capital

  • Guided course
    Other Factors of Production: Capital
    02:08
  • Guided course
    Other Factors of Production: Land
    03:31

Unions

  • Guided course
    Labor Unions
    06:50

Monopsony

  • Guided course
    Monopsony
    07:18
  • Guided course
    Monopsony and Minimum Wage
    03:52

Bilateral Monopoly

  • Guided course
    Bilateral Monopoly
    05:32

Income Inequality in the USA and Worldwide

  • Guided course
    Income Inequality in the USA and Worldwide
    01:37

Poverty

  • Guided course
    Poverty
    05:02

Polices to Reduce Poverty

  • Guided course
    Policies to Reduce Poverty
    06:15

Lorenz Curve and Gini Coefficient

  • Guided course
    Lorenz Curve and the Gini Coefficient
    11:30

Income Equality and Efficiency

  • Guided course
    Income Equality and Efficiency
    06:41

Asymmetric Information: Adverse Selection and Moral Hazard

  • Guided course
    Asymmetric Information
    02:19
  • Guided course
    Moral Hazard
    04:03
  • Guided course
    Adverse Selection
    04:42

Solutions to Informational Problems

  • Guided course
    Solutions to Informational Problems:Screening
    05:57
  • Guided course
    Solutions to Informational Problems:Signaling
    03:06

Budget Constraint

  • Guided course
    Budget Constraint (Budget Line)
    08:41
  • Guided course
    Budget Constraint:Change in Price of a Good
    03:50
  • Guided course
    Budget Constraint:Change in Income
    03:44

Indifference Curves

  • Guided course
    Indifference Curves
    14:47
  • Guided course
    Properties of Indifference Curves
    04:23

Indifference Curves for Perfect Substitutes and Perfect Complements

  • Guided course
    Indifference Curves for Perfect Substitutes and Perfect Complements
    04:02

Consumer Optimum Consumption: Budget Constraint and Indifference Curves

  • Guided course
    Consumer Optimum Consumption: Budget Constraint and Indifference Curves
    07:07

Consumer Optimum Consumption: Marginal Utility per Dollar Spent

  • Guided course
    Consumer Optimum Consumption: Marginal Utility per Dollar Spent
    09:38