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Principles of Microeconomics: Structured Study Notes

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Scarcity and Choice

Circular Flow Diagram

The Demand Curve

Shifts in the Demand Curve

Movement Along a Demand Curve

The Supply Curve

Shifts in the Supply Curve

Movement Along a Supply Curve

Market Equilibrium

Using the Supply and Demand Curves to Find Equilibrium

Effects of Surplus

Effects of Shortage

Supply and Demand: Quantitative Analysis

Percentage Change and Price Elasticity of Demand

Elasticity and the Midpoint Method

Price Elasticity of Demand on a Graph

Determinants of Price Elasticity of Demand

Total Revenue Test

Total Revenue Along a Linear Demand Curve

Price Elasticity of Supply

Price Elasticity of Supply on a Graph

Income Elasticity of Demand

Cross-Price Elasticity of Demand

Elasticity Summary

Consumer Optimum Consumption: Marginal Utility per Dollar Spent

Budget Constraint

Indifference Curves

Indifference Curves for Perfect Substitutes and Perfect Complements

Consumer Optimum Consumption: Budget Constraint and Indifference Curves

Revenue, Cost, and Profit

The Production Function and Diminishing Returns

Marginal Cost

The Relationship Between Average Cost and Marginal Cost

Graphing Costs

Average Total Cost: Short Run and Long Run

Introduction to the Four Market Models

Characteristics of Perfect Competition

Revenue in Perfect Competition

Perfect Competition Profit on the Graph

Short Run Shutdown Decision

Long Run Entry and Exit Decision

Individual Supply Curve in the Short Run and Long Run

Market Supply Curve in the Short Run and Long Run

Long Run Equilibrium

Perfect Competition and Efficiency

Four Market Model Summary: Perfect Competition

Characteristics of Monopoly

Monopoly Revenue

Monopoly Profit on the Graph

Monopoly Efficiency and Deadweight Loss

Price Discrimination

Characteristics of Monopolistic Competition

Revenue in Monopolistic Competition

Monopolistic Competition Profit on the Graph

Monopolistic Competition in the Long Run

Efficiency in Monopolistic Competition

Four Market Model Summary: Monopolistic Competition

Characteristics of Oligopoly

One-Time Games and the Prisoner's Dilemma

Game Theory and Oligopoly Profit

Repeated Games

Four Market Model Summary: Oligopoly

Antitrust Laws and Government Regulation of Monopolies

Income Inequality in the USA and Worldwide

Poverty