Blood Glucose Regulation definitions Flashcards
Blood Glucose Regulation definitions
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Blood Glucose Concentration of sugar in the bloodstream, tightly regulated to supply energy and prevent health complications. Hyperglycemia Condition marked by excessively high blood sugar, risking dehydration, organ damage, and infections. Hypoglycemia Condition of abnormally low blood sugar, leading to symptoms like dizziness, confusion, and possible unconsciousness. Insulin Hormone secreted by the pancreas that lowers blood sugar by promoting cellular glucose uptake and storage. Glucagon Hormone released by the pancreas that raises blood sugar by stimulating glucose production and release. Pancreas Organ responsible for secreting hormones that regulate blood sugar, including insulin and glucagon. Glycogenesis Process of forming glycogen from excess glucose, primarily in the liver and muscles, for energy storage. Glycogenolysis Breakdown of stored glycogen into glucose, mainly in the liver, to increase blood sugar during fasting. Gluconeogenesis Synthesis of new glucose molecules from non-carbohydrate sources, such as proteins, to maintain blood sugar. Lipogenesis Conversion of excess glucose into fats, which are then stored in adipose tissue for long-term energy. Lipolysis Breakdown of fats in adipose tissue, releasing fatty acids into the bloodstream for energy during low glucose. Glucose Transporters Proteins in cell membranes that facilitate the entry of glucose from the blood into cells. Adipose Tissue Body tissue specialized for storing fat, serving as an energy reserve and site for lipid metabolism. Glycogen Polysaccharide stored mainly in the liver and muscles, serving as a readily mobilized glucose reserve. Chemical Messengers Molecules, such as hormones, that transmit signals to regulate physiological processes like blood sugar control.
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