Dietary Guidelines for Proteins definitions Flashcards
Dietary Guidelines for Proteins definitions
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Recommended Dietary Allowance Minimum daily intake level set to meet the protein needs of most healthy adults, calculated as 0.8 grams per kilogram of body weight. Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range Guideline suggesting the percentage range of daily calories that should come from protein, typically 10–35%. Nitrogen Balance State where nitrogen intake equals nitrogen excretion, indicating protein needs are being met for healthy adults. Positive Nitrogen Balance Condition where nitrogen intake exceeds excretion, associated with growth, pregnancy, or muscle building. Negative Nitrogen Balance State where nitrogen excretion surpasses intake, often seen during illness, infection, or starvation. Essential Amino Acids Nine building blocks of protein that must be obtained from the diet because the body cannot synthesize them. Nonessential Amino Acids Amino acids that the body can produce internally, so dietary intake is not required under normal conditions. Conditionally Essential Amino Acids Amino acids usually synthesized by the body but required from the diet during illness, stress, or rapid growth. Limiting Amino Acid The essential amino acid present in the lowest amount in a food, restricting protein synthesis efficiency. Transamination Biochemical process transferring an amino group to form nonessential amino acids from other molecules. Protein Quality Measure based on completeness and digestibility, indicating how well a protein source meets amino acid needs. Complete Protein Food source containing all nine essential amino acids in sufficient amounts, typically animal-based. Incomplete Protein Protein source lacking one or more essential amino acids, often found in plant-based foods. Mutual Supplementation Strategy of combining different incomplete protein sources to provide all essential amino acids. Protein Digestibility Corrected Amino Acid Score Scoring system evaluating protein quality by considering both amino acid profile and digestibility, with a maximum of 100%. Vegetarianism Dietary practice emphasizing plant-based foods and excluding some or all animal products, with various subtypes. Veganism Strict form of vegetarianism that excludes all animal-derived foods and products, requiring careful nutrient planning.
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