Disorders of the Digestive System definitions Flashcards
Disorders of the Digestive System definitions
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Esophageal Sphincter Muscular ring separating the esophagus and stomach, preventing stomach contents from moving upward. Heartburn Burning sensation in the chest caused by stomach acid irritating the esophagus. Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease Chronic condition where stomach acid frequently flows into the esophagus, causing tissue damage. Peptic Ulcer Painful sore in the stomach lining, often resulting from H. pylori infection or prolonged NSAID use. Helicobacter pylori Bacterium that colonizes the stomach lining and is a primary cause of peptic ulcers. Celiac Disease Autoimmune disorder where gluten triggers immune cells to damage nutrient-absorbing villi in the small intestine. Villi Finger-like projections in the small intestine that increase surface area for nutrient absorption. Gluten Protein complex found in wheat that can trigger immune responses in individuals with celiac disease. Diarrhea Condition marked by excess water in stool, potentially leading to dehydration if severe or prolonged. Constipation Condition where stool is excessively dry and hard, often due to too much water absorption in the large intestine. Irritable Bowel Syndrome Chronic disorder characterized by abdominal cramping, bloating, and unpredictable bowel habits. Colorectal Cancer Malignancy of the colon or rectum, notable for being common, deadly, and linked to lifestyle risk factors. Polyp Small growth on the lining of the large intestine, some of which can develop into cancer if not removed. Dietary Fiber Indigestible plant material that bulks stool, speeds transit, and supports a healthy gut microbiome. Colonoscopy Medical procedure using a camera to inspect the large intestine for abnormalities such as polyps.
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