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Introduction to Lipids definitions Flashcards

Introduction to Lipids definitions
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  • Lipid
    A diverse group of hydrophobic molecules, including fats, oils, and sterols, that do not mix well with water and serve various structural and energy roles.
  • Hydrophobic
    A property describing molecules that repel water, causing them to separate from aqueous solutions, as seen with oils in water.
  • Amphipathic
    A characteristic of molecules containing both hydrophobic and hydrophilic regions, enabling unique functions like membrane formation.
  • Triglyceride
    A molecule composed of three fatty acids attached to a glycerol backbone, serving as the main form of energy storage in adipose tissue.
  • Fatty Acid
    A hydrocarbon chain with a carboxylic acid group at one end, forming part of triglycerides and phospholipids.
  • Glycerol
    A three-carbon molecule that acts as the backbone for triglycerides and phospholipids.
  • Adipose Tissue
    A type of body tissue specialized for storing energy in the form of triglycerides.
  • Phospholipid
    A molecule with two fatty acids and a phosphate-containing glycerol, forming the structural basis of cell membranes.
  • Phosphate Group
    A phosphorus-containing chemical group found in phospholipids, contributing to their hydrophilic properties.
  • Cell Membrane
    A biological barrier primarily composed of phospholipids, controlling the movement of substances into and out of cells.
  • Sterol
    A lipid with a multi-ring structure, such as cholesterol, important for membrane fluidity and as a precursor for hormones.
  • Cholesterol
    A sterol found in animal membranes, regulating membrane fluidity and serving as a precursor for vitamin D, bile, and hormones.
  • Membrane Fluidity
    A property of cell membranes influenced by sterols like cholesterol, affecting the flexibility and function of the membrane.
  • Lipoprotein
    A complex particle, such as chylomicrons or LDL, that transports lipids through the bloodstream.
  • Hormone
    A signaling molecule, some of which are synthesized from cholesterol, including sex hormones like testosterone and estrogen.