Macronutrients definitions Flashcards
Macronutrients definitions
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Macronutrient A dietary component required in large amounts, providing energy and supporting essential bodily functions. Carbohydrate A molecule made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, serving as the body's main and preferred energy source. Simple Sugar A basic carbohydrate unit, such as glucose, that is easily absorbed into the bloodstream after digestion. Glucose A primary simple sugar derived from carbohydrates, crucial for cellular energy and found in plant-based foods. Lipid A broad class of hydrophobic molecules, including fats, composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. Fat A type of lipid used for long-term energy storage and preferred during low-intensity exercise. Fatty Acid A long hydrocarbon chain forming the building block of fats, insoluble in water and released during digestion. Triglyceride A molecule formed by three fatty acids attached to a glycerol backbone, representing the main storage form of fat. Oil A liquid fat, typically derived from plants, serving as a dietary source of lipids. Protein A macronutrient made of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen, essential for tissue building and repair. Amino Acid A nitrogen-containing molecule serving as the fundamental unit of proteins, each with a unique side chain. Nitrogen An element present in proteins and amino acids, distinguishing them from carbohydrates and lipids. Legume A plant-based food source, such as beans, rich in protein and classified as a type of seed. Whole Grain A plant-derived food containing all parts of the grain, providing carbohydrates and dietary fiber.
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