Micronutrients definitions Flashcards
Micronutrients definitions
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Micronutrients Nutrients required in small amounts that support physiological functions but do not provide energy. Vitamins Organic compounds with carbon, essential for various cellular functions, and classified by solubility. Minerals Inorganic chemical elements from the periodic table, crucial for body structure and regulation. Water-Soluble Vitamins B and C group nutrients not stored in the body; excess amounts are excreted in urine. Fat-Soluble Vitamins A, D, E, and K group nutrients stored in body tissues; excessive intake may cause toxicity. Major Minerals Inorganic elements needed in amounts greater than 100 mg per day, such as calcium and sodium. Trace Minerals Inorganic elements required in amounts less than 100 mg per day, including iron and iodine. Antioxidants Molecules that protect cells from damage, commonly found in certain vitamins like C and E. Enzyme Protein that accelerates chemical reactions in cells, often requiring vitamins or minerals to function. Supplementation Use of products like multivitamins to provide nutrients, sometimes necessary in cases of deficiency. Varied Diet Eating a wide range of foods to naturally obtain essential vitamins and minerals. Hypervitaminosis A Toxic condition resulting from excessive intake of vitamin A, potentially causing serious health issues. Cellular Ion Balance Regulation of charged particles inside and outside cells, maintained by minerals like sodium. Signaling Molecules Substances, such as certain vitamins, that direct physiological processes like nutrient absorption.
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