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NFS CH 29

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  • Major federal agencies involved in food laws
    Key agencies include the FDA, USDA, EPA, CDC, and others that regulate food safety, labeling, inspection, and environmental impacts.
  • Historical event leading to the Pure Food and Drug Act of 1906
    Public concern over unsafe food and drugs led to the 1906 Act, the first major federal law to regulate food and drug safety.
  • Purpose of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act of 1938
    Expanded FDA authority to oversee food, drugs, and cosmetics, requiring safety before marketing and enabling enforcement actions.
  • FDA's role in enforcing the Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act
    The FDA conducts inspections, enforces recalls, and oversees voluntary destruction of unsafe or mislabeled food products.
  • Food fraud and FDA's approach
    FDA combats economically motivated adulteration by monitoring products like honey and olive oil to prevent fraud and protect consumers.
  • Components of the Nutrition Facts Label
    Includes serving size, kilocalories, nutrients, daily values, and recent updates to improve clarity and accuracy.
  • FDA requirements for food allergen labeling
    Labels must identify the nine major allergens as per the Food Allergen Labeling and Consumer Protection Act.
  • Types of health claims on food labels
    Authorized health claims require strong evidence; qualified claims have limited evidence; nutrient content and structure/function claims vary in evidence needed.
  • Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act (DSHEA) of 1994
    Regulates dietary supplements, allowing GRAS ingredients and less stringent pre-market approval than drugs.
  • Primary reasons for USDA establishment
    To ensure food safety, support agriculture, and provide food assistance programs.
  • USDA functions in food inspection and grading
    Inspects meat and poultry, assigns quality and yield grades, and issues official stamps and labels.
  • USDA regulation of irradiated, organic, and COOL foods
    Oversees safety of irradiated foods, certifies organic products, and enforces Country of Origin Labeling on covered products.
  • Use of USDA fruit and vegetable grades
    Grades like A, B, C indicate quality; Grade A strawberries are for fresh use, lower grades for processing.
  • EPA's role in food regulation
    Regulates pesticides under the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act to protect human health and environment.
  • EPA and FDA collaboration on pesticide residues
    They test food for pesticide residues and enforce tolerance levels to ensure safety.
  • CDC's role in food regulation
    Tracks and helps prevent foodborne illness outbreaks to protect public health.
  • Other agencies contributing to food oversight
    Includes the Department of Commerce, Federal Trade Commission, Treasury, and state agencies with roles in trade, advertising, taxation, and local enforcement.
  • Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) role
    Works globally to eliminate hunger and improve nutrition through food standards and policy guidance.
  • World Health Organization (WHO) functions related to food
    Conducts research on nutrition and disease control to promote global health.