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Nutrition: Energy Balance and Related Concepts

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  • What is energy balance?

    It is the relationship between energy intake (calories consumed) and energy expenditure (calories burned).

  • What is direct calorimetry?

    This measures energy expenditure by assessing the heat produced by the body.

  • What is indirect calorimetry?

    This estimates energy expenditure by measuring oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production.

  • What are the components of Total Energy Expenditure (TEE)?

    It includes Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR), Thermic Effect of Food (TEF), and physical activity energy expenditure.

  • Define Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR).

    It is the energy expended at rest to maintain vital body functions like breathing and circulation.

  • What is the Thermic Effect of Food (TEF)?

    It is the energy used to digest, absorb, and metabolize food nutrients.

  • Define subcutaneous fat.

    It is the fat stored directly under the skin.

  • Define visceral fat and its health impact.

    It is fat stored around internal organs and is more likely to negatively impact health.

  • How is Body Mass Index (BMI) calculated?

    BMI is calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared: \(BMI=\frac{weight(kg)}{height(m)^2}\).

  • What does BMI indicate?

    BMI is an indicator of body fatness used to classify underweight, normal weight, overweight, and obesity.

  • What are disordered eating behaviors?

    It refers to irregular eating habits that may not meet the criteria for an eating disorder but are unhealthy.

  • Name common types of disordered eating.

    Common types include restrictive dieting, binge eating, purging, and excessive exercise.