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Nutrition Metabolism Flashcards

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  • What is metabolism?

    It's the sum of all chemical reactions in the body that maintain life, including energy production and synthesis of molecules.

  • What are anabolic metabolic pathways?

    They are building complex molecules from simpler ones, requiring energy input.

  • What are catabolic metabolic pathways?

    They break down complex molecules into simpler ones, releasing energy.

  • Which hormones promote anabolic metabolic pathways?

    Hormones like insulin promote anabolic pathways by stimulating synthesis and storage of molecules.

  • Which hormones promote catabolic metabolic pathways?

    Hormones such as glucagon and epinephrine promote catabolic pathways by stimulating breakdown of molecules for energy.

  • Define glycolysis.

    Glycolysis is the anaerobic breakdown of glucose into pyruvate, producing ATP and NADH.

  • What is the TCA cycle?

    The TCA cycle (Krebs cycle) is an aerobic process that oxidizes acetyl CoA to produce NADH, FADH2, and ATP.

  • What is the Cori cycle?

    The Cori cycle recycles lactate produced by anaerobic glycolysis in muscles back to glucose in the liver.

  • What is the electron transport chain (ETC)?

    The ETC is a series of protein complexes in mitochondria that generate ATP using electrons from NADH and FADH2.

  • What is the key central substrate in aerobic metabolic reactions?

    Acetyl CoA is the central substrate entering the TCA cycle in aerobic metabolism.

  • What form of energy is used directly by body cells?

    ATP (adenosine triphosphate) is the direct energy source used by cells.

  • Which metabolic reaction generates the most ATP in the body?

    The electron transport chain coupled with oxidative phosphorylation generates the most ATP.

  • How many carbons does pyruvate have?

    Pyruvate has 3 carbon atoms.

  • How many carbons does acetyl CoA have?

    Acetyl CoA contains 2 carbon atoms.

  • Which organ is the most metabolically active in the body?

    The liver is the most metabolically active organ.

  • Which pathway is upregulated during anaerobic conditions?

    Glycolysis followed by lactate production is upregulated during anaerobic conditions.