Q: Which of the following equations correctly represents the diagnostic threshold for fasting plasma glucose (FPG) in diabetes?

$$\text{FPG} \geq 126\ \text{mg/dL}$$

Q: Which of the following is a recommended target blood pressure for patients with diabetic nephropathy according to ADA guidelines?

$$\u003c 130/80\ \text{mm Hg}$$

Question 1

Which of the following is considered a major risk factor for developing type 2 diabetes according to the ADA and CDC guidelines?

Accepted Answer

High-density lipoprotein cholesterol level \u003c35 mg/dL

Question 2

A 52-year-old woman with a BMI of 32, hypertension, and a family history of diabetes presents for a checkup. Which combination of her risk factors most strongly increases her risk for type 2 diabetes?

Accepted Answer

Obesity and family history of diabetes

Question 3

Which of the following statements about insulin therapy is correct?

Accepted Answer

Long-acting insulin analogs provide a basal level of insulin and are not timed with meals.

Question 4

A patient is prescribed metformin for type 2 diabetes. Which of the following is a primary action of this medication?

Accepted Answer

Inhibits hepatic glucose production

Question 5

A patient with diabetes presents with a painless foot ulcer and diminished sensation in the foot. Which pathophysiological process most likely contributed to this complication?

Accepted Answer

Peripheral neuropathy causing loss of protective sensation

Question 6

Which of the following equations correctly represents the diagnostic threshold for fasting plasma glucose (FPG) in diabetes?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{FPG} \geq 126\ 	ext{mg/dL}$$

Question 7

A patient with type 2 diabetes is started on a sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitor. What is a common side effect of this class of medication?

Accepted Answer

Genital mycotic infections

Question 8

A patient with diabetes is found unconscious with a blood glucose of 40 mg/dL. What is the most appropriate initial management?

Accepted Answer

Administer 1 mg glucagon intramuscularly

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the pathophysiology of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)?

Accepted Answer

Insulin deficiency causes increased lipolysis and ketone production

Question 10

A patient with type 2 diabetes is admitted for surgery. Which of the following is a key consideration for perioperative glucose management?

Accepted Answer

Monitor blood glucose frequently and adjust insulin as needed

Question 11

Which of the following is a recommended target blood pressure for patients with diabetic nephropathy according to ADA guidelines?

Accepted Answer

$$\u003c 130/80\ 	ext{mm Hg}$$

Question 12

A patient with diabetes is prescribed a GLP-1 receptor agonist. Which of the following is a common benefit of this medication?

Accepted Answer

Weight loss

Question 13

Which of the following is the most appropriate initial treatment for a conscious patient with mild hypoglycemia (blood glucose 60 mg/dL)?

Accepted Answer

Administer 15 g of fast-acting carbohydrates

Question 14

A patient with diabetes is found to have albuminuria of 100 mg/g creatinine and an eGFR of 55 mL/min/1.73 m². What stage of diabetic nephropathy does this represent?

Accepted Answer

Moderate chronic kidney disease

Question 15

Which of the following is a classic symptom of diabetic peripheral neuropathy?

Accepted Answer

Burning sensation in the feet, especially at night

Question 16

A patient with diabetes is at high risk for foot ulceration. Which of the following is the most important daily self-care activity?

Accepted Answer

Daily foot inspection for injuries or changes

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the mechanism of action of sulfonylureas in diabetes management?

Accepted Answer

Stimulate insulin secretion from pancreatic beta cells

Question 18

A patient with type 2 diabetes is started on an SGLT2 inhibitor. Which laboratory value should be monitored closely due to a potential side effect?

Accepted Answer

Serum potassium

Question 19

Which of the following is a recommended strategy to prevent diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) during illness?

Accepted Answer

Continue insulin and monitor blood glucose and ketones every 3-4 hours

Question 20

A patient with diabetes is admitted to the hospital and is NPO for a procedure. Which of the following is the best approach to insulin management?

Accepted Answer

Adjust insulin dosage and monitor blood glucose regularly

Chapter 47: Management of Patients with Diabetes

Study Guide - Practice Questions

Study Guide - Flashcards