Question 1

Which of the following best describes the mechanism by which HIV impairs the immune system?

Accepted Answer

HIV infects and destroys cells with the CD4 antigen, primarily helper T cells, impairing immune response.

Question 2

A patient presents with oral thrush and a CD4 count of 180 cells/mm³. Which stage of HIV infection is most likely?

Accepted Answer

AIDS

Question 3

Which of the following is the most effective strategy for preventing HIV transmission in healthcare settings?

Accepted Answer

Treating all patients alike and using standard precautions with all body fluids

Question 4

A nurse is caring for a newborn whose mother is HIV-positive. Which intervention is most important to reduce the risk of HIV transmission to the infant?

Accepted Answer

Administer prophylactic antiretroviral therapy to the newborn

Question 5

Which of the following statements about antiretroviral therapy (ART) is correct?

Accepted Answer

Combination ART regimens decrease viral load and symptoms but require strict adherence to prevent resistance.

Question 6

A patient with HIV develops confusion, memory loss, and motor disturbances. Which complication is most likely?

Accepted Answer

AIDS dementia complex

Question 7

Which laboratory test is most appropriate for confirming a positive HIV screening test?

Accepted Answer

HIV-1/HIV-2 differentiation immunoassay

Question 8

A nurse is educating a patient about pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) for HIV prevention. Which statement is correct?

Accepted Answer

PrEP, when taken daily and combined with other prevention methods, is over 99% effective in reducing HIV risk.

Question 9

Which of the following opportunistic infections is most commonly associated with AIDS and is a leading cause of death in these patients?

Accepted Answer

Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia

Question 10

A patient with HIV is prescribed a protease inhibitor (PI). Which of the following is a significant consideration for the nurse?

Accepted Answer

PIs can cause metabolic derangements such as elevated cholesterol, triglycerides, and insulin resistance.

Question 11

A 16-year-old adolescent is newly diagnosed with HIV. Which factor is most likely to affect adherence to the treatment regimen?

Accepted Answer

Desire for autonomy and risk-taking behaviors

Question 12

Which of the following is a recommended strategy to promote adherence to ART in patients with HIV?

Accepted Answer

Encourage peer support for those who are nonadherent to ART treatment

Question 13

A nurse is planning care for a patient with HIV who is at risk for impaired skin integrity. Which intervention is most appropriate?

Accepted Answer

Turn the patient at least every 2 hours and use pressure-relieving devices

Question 14

Which of the following is a key reason why combination ART regimens are preferred over monotherapy in HIV treatment?

Accepted Answer

Combination regimens decrease the risk of viral resistance and improve treatment efficacy.

Question 15

A patient with HIV is diagnosed with Kaposi sarcoma. Which statement is correct regarding this condition?

Accepted Answer

Kaposi sarcoma is the most common cancer associated with AIDS and is an indicator of late-stage HIV disease.

Question 16

Which of the following vaccines should be administered to all patients with HIV as part of preventive care?

Accepted Answer

Pneumococcal, meningococcal, HPV, TDaP, influenza, hepatitis B, and Hib vaccines

Question 17

A nurse is caring for a woman with HIV who is pregnant. Which intervention is most important to reduce perinatal transmission?

Accepted Answer

Continue ART and consider scheduled cesarean delivery at 38 weeks before rupture of membranes

Question 18

Which of the following is a common clinical manifestation of HIV in infants and children?

Accepted Answer

Recurrent respiratory infections and persistent oral candidiasis

Question 19

A patient with HIV is prescribed nevirapine, a nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI). What is a significant risk associated with this medication?

Accepted Answer

Liver toxicity and Stevens-Johnson syndrome

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why older adults with HIV may experience delayed diagnosis and increased disease severity?

Accepted Answer

Manifestations of HIV may be attributed to normal aging or masked by other chronic diseases.

HIV/AIDS and Immunity: Study Notes for Personal Health Students

Study Guide - Practice Questions

Study Guide - Flashcards