Question 1

Which brain structure acts as the primary control center for sleeping and waking, integrating signals that regulate the sleep–wake cycle?

Accepted Answer

The hypothalamus

Question 2

A 45-year-old patient reports waking up frequently at night gasping for air and feeling tired during the day. Which sleep disorder is most likely responsible for these symptoms?

Accepted Answer

Obstructive sleep apnea

Question 3

Which of the following best describes the physiological changes that occur during REM sleep?

Accepted Answer

Pulse, respiratory rate, blood pressure, metabolic rate, and body temperature increase; skeletal muscle tone and deep tendon reflexes are depressed

Question 4

A patient is prescribed an antidepressant and reports difficulty remembering dreams and feeling less rested. Which stage of sleep is most likely reduced by this medication?

Accepted Answer

REM sleep

Question 5

Which hormone is primarily responsible for signaling the brain to stop eating, and how does insufficient sleep affect its levels?

Accepted Answer

Leptin; insufficient sleep lowers leptin levels

Question 6

A college student complains of difficulty falling asleep and staying asleep, despite having enough time and a quiet environment. Which sleep disorder is most likely?

Accepted Answer

Insomnia

Question 7

Which of the following is a recommended nonpharmacologic intervention for treating dyssomnias?

Accepted Answer

Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT)

Question 8

A patient with restless legs syndrome (RLS) is most likely to report which of the following symptoms?

Accepted Answer

Unpleasant creeping, crawling, or tingling sensations in the legs

Question 9

Which of the following best explains why caffeine can interfere with sleep?

Accepted Answer

Caffeine blocks the ability of adenosine to cause drowsiness

Question 10

A patient is keeping a sleep diary as part of a sleep assessment. Which of the following should NOT be included in the diary?

Accepted Answer

Blood pressure readings every hour

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the sleep–wake cycle pattern in a normal adult?

Accepted Answer

Progression through NREM stages I–IV, then reversal to stage II before entering REM sleep

Question 12

A patient with a chronic sleep–wake rhythm disruption due to frequent international travel is most likely experiencing which type of sleep disorder?

Accepted Answer

Circadian rhythm sleep–wake disorder

Question 13

Which of the following medications is most likely to decrease REM sleep?

Accepted Answer

Barbiturates

Question 14

A patient is observed walking around the house while asleep and has no memory of the event. Which sleep disorder is this an example of?

Accepted Answer

Somnambulism

Question 15

Which of the following is a likely consequence of chronic insufficient sleep in adults?

Accepted Answer

Increased risk of obesity due to hormonal changes

Question 16

A patient with narcolepsy is most likely to experience which of the following additional symptoms?

Accepted Answer

Cataplexy (sudden loss of skeletal muscle tone)

Question 17

Which of the following bedtime snacks is most appropriate to promote sleep, based on the role of L-tryptophan and carbohydrates?

Accepted Answer

A small bowl of oatmeal with milk

Question 18

A patient reports feeling anxious and unable to sleep after a stressful life event. Which stage of sleep is most likely to be reduced, potentially worsening their anxiety?

Accepted Answer

REM sleep

Question 19

Which of the following is a key finding during a physical assessment that may suggest a sleep problem?

Accepted Answer

Decreased energy level and altered facial characteristics

Question 20

A nurse is teaching a patient about sleep hygiene. Which of the following recommendations is most appropriate?

Accepted Answer

Establish a consistent bedtime routine and avoid large meals or caffeine before bed

Rest and Sleep: Physiology, Disorders, and Health Implications

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