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Study Guide: Key Concepts in Disability, Family, and Community Health

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Q1. What is ESSA, what did it replace, and how does it differ from previous legislation?

Background

Topic: Education Policy and Disability Rights

This question tests your understanding of the Every Student Succeeds Act (ESSA), its legislative history, and its impact on students with disabilities.

Key Terms:

  • ESSA: Every Student Succeeds Act

  • NCLB: No Child Left Behind Act

  • Standards-based reform

  • Evidence-based practices

Step-by-Step Guidance

  1. Identify what ESSA stands for and when it was enacted.

  2. Determine which previous law ESSA replaced.

  3. List at least two ways ESSA differs from NCLB, focusing on authority, standards, and accountability.

  4. Consider how ESSA addresses students with disabilities compared to prior legislation.

Try solving on your own before revealing the answer!

Q2. What is transition planning, when does it begin, and what is its purpose?

Background

Topic: Special Education and Life Planning

This question examines your knowledge of transition planning for students with disabilities, including timing and objectives.

Key Terms:

  • Transition Planning

  • IEP (Individualized Education Program)

  • Independent Living

Step-by-Step Guidance

  1. Define transition planning in the context of special education.

  2. Identify the federal and state ages when transition planning must begin.

  3. List the main goal areas addressed in transition planning (e.g., education, employment, daily living).

  4. Explain why transition planning is important for students with disabilities and their families.

Try solving on your own before revealing the answer!

Q3. What are special education services and what do they include?

Background

Topic: Special Education Services

This question focuses on the range of services provided to students with disabilities and how these are determined and delivered.

Key Terms:

  • Assessment

  • IEP (Individualized Education Program)

  • Accommodations

  • Resource Room

Step-by-Step Guidance

  1. Describe the purpose of assessments in special education.

  2. Explain how services are identified and documented in an IEP.

  3. List examples of special education services (e.g., counseling, speech therapy, occupational therapy).

  4. Discuss the different settings where these services might be provided.

Try solving on your own before revealing the answer!

Q4. What is an IEP Committee charged with?

Background

Topic: Special Education Process

This question tests your understanding of the responsibilities of the IEP Committee in supporting students with disabilities.

Key Terms:

  • IEP Committee

  • Transition Planning

  • Placement Decisions

Step-by-Step Guidance

  1. List the main responsibilities of the IEP Committee.

  2. Explain the role of the committee in transition planning and assessment recommendations.

  3. Describe how the committee makes placement decisions and formulates IEPs.

Try solving on your own before revealing the answer!

Q5. What does inclusion promote as it relates to the acceptance of a person with a disability?

Background

Topic: Inclusion and Social Acceptance

This question explores the benefits of inclusion for students with disabilities, particularly in terms of social skills and acceptance.

Key Terms:

  • Inclusion

  • Adaptive Behavior

  • Social Circles

Step-by-Step Guidance

  1. Define inclusion in the context of education.

  2. Summarize research findings on the impact of inclusion on adaptive behavior and social skills.

  3. Discuss how inclusion affects the acceptance of individuals with disabilities by their peers.

Try solving on your own before revealing the answer!

Q6. What are some guidelines regarding use of language? What is person-first language?

Background

Topic: Disability Etiquette and Communication

This question addresses respectful communication and the importance of person-first language.

Key Terms:

  • Person-First Language

  • Respectful Communication

Step-by-Step Guidance

  1. Explain what person-first language is and why it is important.

  2. Provide examples of person-first versus identity-first language.

  3. List at least two guidelines for using respectful language when referring to people with disabilities.

Try solving on your own before revealing the answer!

Q7. Is a sheltered workshop an option any longer for individuals with disabilities?

Background

Topic: Employment Options for Individuals with Disabilities

This question examines current trends and policies regarding employment settings for people with disabilities.

Key Terms:

  • Sheltered Workshop

  • Supported Employment

Step-by-Step Guidance

  1. Define what a sheltered workshop is.

  2. Discuss recent changes in policy or practice regarding the use of sheltered workshops.

  3. Consider alternative employment options now available for individuals with disabilities.

Try solving on your own before revealing the answer!

Q8. What are some problems associated with the use of labels (i.e., diagnoses for people with disabilities)?

Background

Topic: Labeling and Stigma

This question explores the potential negative consequences of labeling individuals with disabilities.

Key Terms:

  • Labeling

  • Stigma

  • Marginalization

Step-by-Step Guidance

  1. List at least two negative effects of labeling individuals with disabilities.

  2. Explain how labels can influence perception and treatment of individuals.

  3. Discuss how labeling might impact opportunities and social inclusion.

Try solving on your own before revealing the answer!

Q9. What are Family Support Services and what do they include?

Background

Topic: Family Support in Disability Services

This question focuses on the types of support services available to families of individuals with disabilities.

Key Terms:

  • Care Coordination

  • Respite

  • Wrap-Around Services

Step-by-Step Guidance

  1. Define Family Support Services in the context of disability.

  2. List at least three types of services included under Family Support Services.

  3. Explain the overall goal of these services for families.

Try solving on your own before revealing the answer!

Q10. What are characteristics of poverty and how does it relate to disability?

Background

Topic: Social Determinants of Health

This question examines the relationship between poverty and disability, including risk factors and outcomes.

Key Terms:

  • Poverty

  • Disability

  • Social Determinants

Step-by-Step Guidance

  1. List at least three characteristics of poverty that may impact individuals with disabilities.

  2. Discuss how poverty can increase the risk of disability and vice versa.

  3. Consider the cyclical relationship between poverty and disability.

Try solving on your own before revealing the answer!

Q11. What is the Nature Versus Nurture argument?

Background

Topic: Developmental Psychology

This question tests your understanding of the debate between genetic and environmental influences on development.

Key Terms:

  • Nature (Genetics)

  • Nurture (Environment)

Step-by-Step Guidance

  1. Define the 'nature' side of the argument.

  2. Define the 'nurture' side of the argument.

  3. Explain why this debate is important in understanding disability and development.

Try solving on your own before revealing the answer!

Q12. What is the Family Paradigms Model and what are characteristics of the different family types?

Background

Topic: Family Systems and Disability

This question explores different family models and their characteristics, especially in the context of disability.

Key Terms:

  • Family Paradigms Model

  • Environmentally Sensitive Families

  • Interpersonally Distant Families

  • Consensus-Sensitive Families

Step-by-Step Guidance

  1. Define the Family Paradigms Model.

  2. List and describe at least two types of family paradigms.

  3. Explain how these paradigms might affect family interactions and support for a member with a disability.

Try solving on your own before revealing the answer!

Q13. In the Adaptability Model, what are centripetal versus centrifugal forces?

Background

Topic: Family Adaptability and Dynamics

This question examines concepts related to family cohesion and separation.

Key Terms:

  • Centripetal Forces

  • Centrifugal Forces

Step-by-Step Guidance

  1. Define centripetal forces in the context of family dynamics.

  2. Define centrifugal forces in the same context.

  3. Discuss how these forces might influence family functioning when a member has a disability.

Try solving on your own before revealing the answer!

Q14. What is Medicaid?

Background

Topic: Health Insurance and Access

This question tests your understanding of Medicaid and its role in providing healthcare to individuals with disabilities.

Key Terms:

  • Medicaid

  • Eligibility

Step-by-Step Guidance

  1. Define Medicaid and its primary purpose.

  2. Identify who is eligible for Medicaid.

  3. Explain why Medicaid is important for individuals with disabilities.

Try solving on your own before revealing the answer!

Q15. What are the elements to consider when discussing Value of Life & what does each mean?

Background

Topic: Ethics and Disability

This question explores the different elements that contribute to discussions about the value of life, especially in healthcare and disability contexts.

Key Terms:

  • Quality of Life

  • Quantity of Life

  • Sanctity of Life

Step-by-Step Guidance

  1. List the three elements to consider when discussing the value of life.

  2. Define each element (quality, quantity, sanctity).

  3. Discuss how these elements might influence decisions in healthcare or disability services.

Try solving on your own before revealing the answer!

Q16. What are some recommendations from 'What siblings would like parents and service providers to know'?

Background

Topic: Family Communication and Support

This question focuses on the perspectives of siblings of individuals with disabilities and their recommendations for families and providers.

Key Terms:

  • Sibling Perspectives

  • Communication

Step-by-Step Guidance

  1. Identify at least one recommendation siblings have for parents and service providers.

  2. Explain why communication is important in supporting siblings.

  3. Discuss how involving siblings in decision-making can benefit the family.

Try solving on your own before revealing the answer!

Q17. What is Cultural Familial MR?

Background

Topic: Intellectual Disability and Environmental Factors

This question examines the concept of cultural familial mental retardation (MR) and its causes.

Key Terms:

  • Cultural Familial MR

  • Psychosocial Disadvantage

Step-by-Step Guidance

  1. Define cultural familial MR.

  2. List at least two environmental factors that may contribute to this condition.

  3. Explain how this type of intellectual disability differs from those with identifiable physiological causes.

Try solving on your own before revealing the answer!

Q18. What are the different types of settings and what is least restrictive (or most inclusive)?

Background

Topic: Residential Settings and Inclusion

This question explores the spectrum of residential settings for individuals with disabilities and the concept of least restrictive environment.

Key Terms:

  • Institutional Setting

  • Community-Based Setting

  • Least Restrictive Environment

Step-by-Step Guidance

  1. List at least two types of residential settings for individuals with disabilities.

  2. Define what is meant by 'least restrictive' or 'most inclusive' setting.

  3. Provide examples of community-based residential settings.

Try solving on your own before revealing the answer!

Q19. What are some characteristics of an institutional versus community-based setting?

Background

Topic: Residential Services and Quality of Life

This question compares institutional and community-based settings for individuals with disabilities.

Key Terms:

  • Institutional Setting

  • Community-Based Setting

  • Regimentation

  • Flexibility

Step-by-Step Guidance

  1. List at least two characteristics of institutional settings.

  2. List at least two characteristics of community-based settings.

  3. Discuss why least restrictive settings are preferred in disability services.

Try solving on your own before revealing the answer!

Q20. What is the difference between Supported Employment and a Sheltered Workshop?

Background

Topic: Employment Models for Individuals with Disabilities

This question examines two different employment models and their implications for inclusion.

Key Terms:

  • Supported Employment

  • Sheltered Workshop

Step-by-Step Guidance

  1. Define sheltered workshop and supported employment.

  2. List at least one key difference between the two models.

  3. Discuss the benefits of supported employment for individuals with disabilities.

Try solving on your own before revealing the answer!

Q21. What are the factors to Community Adjustment?

Background

Topic: Community Integration

This question focuses on the factors that contribute to successful adjustment and integration into the community for individuals with disabilities.

Key Terms:

  • Social Integration

  • Economic Integration

  • Personal Satisfaction

Step-by-Step Guidance

  1. List at least three factors that contribute to community adjustment.

  2. Explain why each factor is important for successful integration.

  3. Discuss how these factors might be supported by services or programs.

Try solving on your own before revealing the answer!

Q22. What does the psychosocial position promote?

Background

Topic: Psychosocial Theories and Disability

This question examines the role of environmental experience in shaping behavior and attributes, especially in the context of intellectual disabilities.

Key Terms:

  • Psychosocial Position

  • Cultural-Familial MR

Step-by-Step Guidance

  1. Define the psychosocial position in relation to disability.

  2. Explain how environmental experiences can influence identification and treatment of intellectual disabilities.

  3. Discuss the significance of recognizing cultural-familial MR as a sub-classification.

Try solving on your own before revealing the answer!

Q23. What are the Ten Commandments as it relates to Disability Etiquette?

Background

Topic: Disability Etiquette

This question reviews best practices for interacting respectfully with individuals with disabilities.

Key Terms:

  • Disability Etiquette

  • Respectful Interaction

Step-by-Step Guidance

  1. List at least three of the 'Ten Commandments' for disability etiquette.

  2. Explain why each guideline is important for respectful interaction.

  3. Discuss how following these guidelines can improve communication and inclusion.

Try solving on your own before revealing the answer!

Q24. What is ACCES-VR?

Background

Topic: Vocational Rehabilitation Services

This question focuses on the role of ACCES-VR in supporting employment for individuals with disabilities.

Key Terms:

  • ACCES-VR

  • Supported Employment

Step-by-Step Guidance

  1. Define what ACCES-VR stands for.

  2. Explain the main services provided by ACCES-VR.

  3. Discuss when and why individuals should apply for ACCES-VR services.

Try solving on your own before revealing the answer!

Q25. What are some key changes that affect families of individuals with developmental disabilities (DD)?

Background

Topic: Family Adaptation and Support

This question examines changes in support, health care, and inclusion for families with a member who has a developmental disability.

Key Terms:

  • Developmental Disabilities (DD)

  • In-Home vs. Group Home Support

  • Inclusion

Step-by-Step Guidance

  1. List at least two changes in support or services for families of individuals with DD.

  2. Discuss how improved health care has affected these families.

  3. Explain the impact of greater inclusion and acceptance on family life.

Try solving on your own before revealing the answer!

Q26. What is Family Systems Theory and how does it apply to families with members who have disabilities?

Background

Topic: Family Systems and Disability

This question explores the application of Family Systems Theory to families with a member who has a disability.

Key Terms:

  • Family Systems Theory

  • Transactional Process

  • Family Functioning

Step-by-Step Guidance

  1. Define Family Systems Theory.

  2. List at least two family characteristics or interactions considered in this theory.

  3. Discuss how adaptability and integration of supports affect family functioning.

Try solving on your own before revealing the answer!

Q27. What are Family Support Services and what is their goal?

Background

Topic: Family Support and Networking

This question reviews the types of family support services and their intended outcomes.

Key Terms:

  • Care Coordination

  • Natural Supports

  • Wrap-Around Services

Step-by-Step Guidance

  1. List at least two types of family support services.

  2. Explain what is meant by 'wrap-around' and 'person-centered' services.

  3. Discuss the main goal of family support services for families with a member who has a disability.

Try solving on your own before revealing the answer!

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